The emphasis of this research report was on modification of classroom behavior. After a brief introduction, the two main learning theories of Gestalt-field psychology and stimulus-response association were investigated. The importance of the individual in modifying his own behavior was stressed in Gestalt-field psychology. The importance of…

Data were gathered through telephone survey of a random sample of 91 urban men and 97 farm operators to study pollution attitudes, knowledge, and household pollution abatement behavior among urban residents and farmers. The results indicate that urban men are more concerned about pollution, more willing to allocate tax money to clean up pollution,…

The intent of the Commission on Reading of the National Council of Teachers of English in developing this group of articles was to provide insight into critical issues related to accountability and reading instruction. The initial presentation by James Laffey develops a brief historical analysis of educational accountability, followed by a…

Reported was an 8 year longitudinal study of social and antisocial behavioral correlates in 1550 third, sixth, and ninth grade children identified as either aggressive-disruptive or prosocial by their teachers. A more intensive study was made of 192 aggressive-disruptive and 192 prosocial children. Data included interviews, individual tests (such…

This study demonstrated reinforcement control over pronounced feminine behaviors in a male child who had been psychologically evaluated as manifesting "childhood cross-gender identity." Reinforcement control over cross-gender behavior was demonstrated by identifying some behavioral treatment conditions under which feminine behaviors could be…

Cognizant of certain recurring characteristics of emotional maladjustment, the author hypothesized (1) that no significant differences would be found between characteristics of emotional maladjustment related to reading disability and characteristics observed in a group of retarded readers and (2) that there would be no significant differences…

A large-scale study was designed to assess the extent of emotional disturbance among Head Start children and to provide a consistent basis for selection if therapeutic intervention were indicated. The study's aim was to avoid the problem of shifting baselines by individual teachers for determining the degree to which their children were departing…

An assessment was made of 5- and 8-year-old children's performance on a short-term memory task under two auditory and two visual distraction conditions, as well as under a nondistraction condition. Performance under nondistraction was found to be superior to that under distraction (p<.001), indicating that the extraneous stimuli had a generally…

An observational study explored whether characteristic behavioral patterns of an educable mentally retarded (EMR) population were unique and served as a label for identification in the social milieu. Of particular interest were differences between EMR children who were integrated into the regular classroom and their non-retarded peers. A…

THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL CULTURES (CONVENTIONAL, WORK, AND IMPULSE EXPRESSION) ON SELECTED PUPIL AND TEACHER BEHAVIOR VARIABLES WAS STUDIED. THE VARIABLES INCLUDED PUPIL ACHIEVEMENT, TEACHER AND PUPIL ABSENTEEISM, AND TEACHER TURNOVER. ALSO STUDIED WAS THE SOCIOECONOMIC LEVEL OF SCHOOL NEIGHBORHOODS AS RELATED TO SCHOOL CULTURE. TEACHERS AND PUPILS…

The main purpose of this report is to provide guidelines for a study on educating for leisure. The authors proceed on the theory that to understand fully the leisure time activities of individuals it is necessary to take into consideration their whole life of home circumstances, work, and schooling and examine this in relation to their…

In an extension of an earlier study by Cline, Croft, and Courrier (1973) the effects of amount of television viewing and preference for televised violence upon autonomic responses to violent and nonviolent videotaped movie sequences were examined. Thirty-six male undergraduates watched a six-minute portion of a boxing film and a six-minute portion…

The Matching Family Figures Test (MFF) is examined in order to show that a wide variety of rational speed-accuracy trade-offs ranging from impulsive to reflective are quite plausible. Ten children (mean age, eight years) took part in the experiment. Five had previously been classified on the basis of the MFF as impulsive, five as reflective. On…

This paper briefly discusses three studies aimed at exploring the overload hypothesis posited by Stanley Milgram. That hypothesis suggests that impoverished social interaction in the city is an adaptation to overload of interpersonal contacts. The three studies examine various aspects of the phenomenon using different methodologies. Comparing city…

This paper explores some of the evidence relating similarities between lower animal behavior in defense of territory and administrative behavior in defense of position prerogative. The bureaucratic organization has a system of sanctions to penalize those who would infringe upon the territory of superordinates. Humans mark their domains by audio…