It is the responsibility of educators to initiate and exert leadership in developing an adaptive system to promote educational change. It is essential that educators be concerned with the total development of an adaptive system in the community, cooperating with other group leaders outside of education, and not feasible educational changes within…

There are a variety of approaches to the limitation of discretion: in loco parentis, constitutional, contract, and trust for fiduciary theories. What has made these principles so far a matter of logical assertion rather than of law is that the courts have chosen not to review a college's use of discretionary authority regarding its students. Only…

A detailed systems diagram elaborates the process of dealing with a single conflict episode between two parties or persons. Hypotheses are fully stated to lead the reader through the flow diagram. A concrete example illustrates its use. Detail is provided in an accounting scheme of virtually all possible variables to consider in analyzing a…

An extensive project involving formal and informal interviews and examination of university documents revealed that the governance of British universities does not coincide with any single stereotype. Decisions are made within institutions in ways that are subtle and complex, and that maintain both academic freedom and a significant degree of…

Presenting models describing a monolithic power structure, a pluralist power structure, and variations of these, this paper asserts that the monolithic power structure traditionally associated with rural areas is no longer valid for rural development. It is suggested that the following decision making mandate would serve as a better touch stone…

The reason teachers want collective bargaining is far simpler than has heretofore been recognized by scholars. In de jure collective bargaining, agreements arrived at in the bargaining process are legal and binding on both parties. In de facto negotiation, agreements could be struck between the teachers and the board of education, but, when…

The Parsonian model of organization developed by Hills provided the foundation for studying the relationship between the structural effects of social structure and the perceived power of committees of a large university. This study was designed to examine through comparative field study the social values, organizational orientations, and social…

At the root of student unrest are two basic factors: (1) the "involuntary campus," and (2) the "manipulated society." Many students attend a university not because they want to, but because of parental pressure, to avoid the draft, to get the right job, or to satisfy the notion that in order to be really accomplished it is…

The objective of this study was to examine the ways existing and preferred influence relationships differed in academic departments in two situations. A questionnaire examining perceived power relationships was sent to 131 randomly selected faculty members in 6 social science departments at a state university. Three of the departments were in a…

To test the influence of principals, subject matter experts, and department chairmen upon teacher decisions, an experiment was conducted with secondary school social studies teachers, principals, and department chairmen as participants. While the results of the experiment were uniformly nonsignificant, respondents generally concurred that the…

The fundamental character of US colleges and universities is being changed by a variety of forces and pressures which have created a period of confusion, uncertainty, and alarm for many educators and policy-makers in higher education. The traditional principles and modes of institutional leadership are being challenged by forces from within and…

This report is based on more than 900 interviews with faculty members, administrators, students, and department chairmen at 19 colleges and universities across the US. The interviews, designed to examine the processes of governance in different campus environments, revealed 4 aspects of presidential style which are discussed within and across…

In 1967 Congress passed the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), which included nine examptions allowing the Executive branch of government the privilege of withholding information from the public in cases where disclosure would constitute a threat to national security. Responding to Congressional charges that the freedoms extended by the FOIA…

This document, the first of seven essays, investigates the relationship of the church, the university and urban society. A description of the basic conceptual focus and theoretical framework of this 2-year project is presented. Urban society is defined in terms of power, and the role of church and university in it is viewed as essentially marginal…

Despite the recent resurgence of academic interest in nonpublic schools, we continue to be relatively ignorant of the political and social composition of these schools. This study of the Chicago and Los Angeles Catholic school systems sought to redress this ignorance. The study first gathered and analyzed school data from central (diocesan)…