Examines the performance on verbal, nonverbal, and memory tasks of 11 girls (ages 8 to 11 years) identified as having an extra X chromosome at birth. Results showed that the triple-X girls were markedly inferior in their performance on the tasks, indicating a rehearsal deficit, an inability to use list structures, and weaker language skills.…

Examined the effects of emotionality of study tasks on face and word recognition in four studies. Results showed face recognition performance was best after an emotional nonself study task. Concluded that self-images are less effective mnemonic aids than the propositional self-concept. (WAS)

Children who are reading well as they enter first grade usually have extensive vocabularies and good retention. Teachers should assess the students' various levels of reading ability (word recognition and comprehension) to plan a program with differentiated methods. (CL)

Results of study investigating human memory organization in processing of computer programming languages indicate that algorithmic logic segments form a cognitive organizational structure in memory for programs. Statement indentation and internal program documentation did not enhance organizational process of recall of statements in five Fortran…

Results of an initial experiment show that motoric imagery can produce relatively large increases in the ability of young children, as well as adults, to recall meaningful sentences. Results of a second experiment show that motoric imagery can, to some extent, facilitate free recall of word lists when visual imagery has no effect. (Author/RH)

In order to examine the effects of interrogative strategies in promoting children's associative learning, children five and six years of age, as well as sixth-grade children, were first presented with a variety of picture-paired associates and then tested for the ability to memorize them. (MP)

The possibility of an age-related increase in the capacity of the short-term store was examined in two experiments, and an "M-operator" model was proposed to account for the data. Together, the two experiments show that an important part of short-term memory development can be explained as growth in short-term store capacity. (Author/MP)

Early work by Bartlett in memory theory is contrasted with the more firmly entrenched empirical-associationistic notions of his time. Contemporary lines of research are then discussed within the perspective of this ongoing controversy. A more purely constructive model with active processing during retention, recall, and comprehension is presented.…

Four experiments are described that demonstrate that under certain conditions, encoding constancy results in better recall performance than encoding variability. The experiments used mnemonic devices, and various numbers of semantic contexts and orienting tasks. Encoding variability resulted in optimal recall performance when only one code for an…

The study evaluated the importance to successful lipreading of a specific visual memory for mouth shape sequences in 23 hearing impaired children (11 to 16 years old) and 16 adults. Results suggested the use of sequence-memory training with articulatory shapes for lipreading instruction. (Author/SB)

Two experiments which tested recall differences among young children indicated: (1) organizational factors, not item processing per se, influenced previously found differences in children's recall of pictures following semantic and physical orienting tasks; and (2) physical orienting tasks may effectively inhibit subjects' processing of words, but…

Reflects on the importance of observation and documentation of detail in producing critical thinking and accurate writing. (AEA)

Supports the developmental gradient-shift explanation for differences between the reading performance of children and college students. (HOD)

Administered Kimura's Recurring-Figures-Test to 427 normal subjects from Germany. A Kuder-Richardson test reliability was obtained. T-scale norms are given for two subgroups of different educational levels. Results indicated that the RFT is a valid instrument for the assessment of nonverbal memory function, and has a high test reliability. (Author)

The ability to generalize is probably the primary aspect of intelligence. The computer's inability to generalize is the major stumbling block associated with machine intelligence. (Author/CP)