The present dictionary is the first of a series of Chinese-English technical dictionaries under preparation by the Aerospace Technology Division of the Library of Congress. The purpose of the series is to provide rapid reference tools for translators, abstractors, and research analysts concerned with scientific and technical materials published in…

The complexity of Chinese orthography has hindered the progress of research in Chinese to the same level of sophistication of that in alphabetic languages such as English. Also, there has been no publicly available resource concerning the decomposition of Chinese characters, which is essential in any attempt to model the cognitive processes of…

The traditional theory of Chinese writing is that it is divorced from the language because as a non-alphabetic system, it cannot represent real speech. Chinese writing, however, is a functional linguistic system in its own right. Writing does not need to be totally dependent on speech, but can be related either to the phonological or the semantic…

Difficulties in transcription from the Hebrew to the Roman alphabet are discussed. The resolution of some of the problems in Judeo-Spanish texts using the "aljamiado" writing system are reviewed, including the use of some Hebrew consonants as vowels, representation of Judeo-Spanish sounds non-existent in Hebrew, and phonetic variations…

Script reform, the modification of an existing writing system, is often confused with script replacement of one writing system with another. Turkish underwent the replacement of Arabic script by an adaptation of Roman script under Kamel Ataturk, but a similar replacement in Persian was rejected because of the high rate of existing literacy in…

Describes how the Inter-University Program for Chinese Language Studies in Taipei has used computers: 1) to select new vocabulary from texts for glossing; 2) to sort vocabulary for index listings; and 3) to print portions of textbooks. Problems with phonetic transcriptions and quality of print for Chinese characters are discussed. Samples are…

Summarizes developments of attempts to standardize written and spoken Japanese, from World War II to the present. (AM)

Describes an answer analysis system, called Answer Pattern Manager, that solves the difficult problem of recognizing student reproduction of spoken Japanese sentences. It allows all reasonable Roman spellings of Japanese words, while at the same time detecting mishearings and distinguishing between important and unimportant words. (Contains eight…

Discusses the romanization of Chinese characters in U.S. library bibliographic records; considers the advantages and disadvantages of changing from Wade-Giles romanization to pinyin; describes word division problems; proposes an alternative that uses a computer program; and considers the future possibilities of a multiscript, general purpose…

Provides suggestions for helping English-as-a-Foreign-Language teachers who work with students who write in a different alphabet or use a different form of script deal with the handwriting of their classes at the start of English learning. It is a way to systematically check, revise, and improve learners' handwriting through the use of dictations.…

This is a collection of reference materials to be used with the Chinese-Mandarin Basic Course textbooks. This collection consists of information on romanization systems, indexes for reading and writing characters, and other tables for quick reference. (NCR)

THIS MANUAL IS BASED ON THE HINDI DIALECT OF THE EDUCATED CLASSES OF UTTAR PRADESH. IT CONSISTS OF 40 LESSONS IN ROMANIZED SCRIPT. LESSONS ONE TO 17 CONCENTRATE ON SIMPLE CONVERSATIONS AND BASIC GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS. LESSONS 18 TO 40 ARE DESIGNED TO ACQUAINT THE STUDENT GRADUALLY WITH MORE COMPLEX CONVERSATION AND WITH LITERARY STYLE. EACH…

THIS MANUAL IS BASED ON THE URDU DIALECT OF THE EDUCATED CLASSES OF PAKISTAN. IT CONSISTS OF 40 LESSONS IN ROMANIZED SCRIPT. LESSONS ONE TO 17 CONCENTRATE ON SIMPLE CONVERSATIONS AND BASIC GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS. LESSONS 18 TO 40 ARE DESIGNED TO ACQUAINT THE STUDENT GRADUALLY WITH MORE COMPLEX CONVERSATION AND WITH LITERARY STYLE. EACH LESSON…

The "Nucleus Course in Japanese," based on the Institute of Modern Languages'"Situational Reinforcement" approach, is designed for 80 to 100 hours of instruction. Each lesson has several sections--Response drills, Appropriate Response Sequence, and Reading. Most of the lessons also include optional sections with Sentences for…

Discusses the popularization of Putonghua, the common language of the People's Republic of China, and the creation and popularization of a national phonetic alphabet. These two issues are related by the fact that romanization is seen as an important vehicle for the popularization of Putonghua. (CLK)