Neuropsychology combines psychometrics and the study of brain processes. There are two approaches to neuropsychology. The neurologic approach uses brief tests flexibly. The psychometric approach uses standardized graded scales in a set battery. Cortical testing in the form of intellectual abilities testing is 70 years old, yet psychometric…

The concept of visual literacy as a performance criterion is briefly considered and difficulties inherent in such a concept are discussed. Previous work in the area of visual literacy is selectively and critically reviewed, noting recurrent problems in research methodology. A rationale is then presented for conducting research which would be…

The research reported here examines the influence of knowledge of two languages on the organization of semantic information in long-term memory. Eight English-French bilingual adults were presented pairs of letter strings and had to decide whether both strings were words. Half of the trials contained English-French word pairs which required a…

IN DEMONSTRATING THE FACILITATIVE EFFECT OF AVAILABLE PAST INSTANCES IN CONCEPT LEARNING, IT WAS PREDICTED THAT AVAILABILITY WOULD BE FACILITATED WHEN SUBJECTS WERE PROVIDED WITH A CORRECT RECORD (CR) OF CLASSIFICATION. IT WAS ALSO PREDICTED THAT SUBJECTS MORE CAPABLE OF RECALLING THE CORRECT CLASSIFICATION OF PAST INSTANCES WOULD PROFIT LESS FROM…

Three paired-associate learning studies were run to compare signal detection analysis of recall and recognition memory performance. Experiment I showed that (a) rates of recall and recognition discriminability are substantially different in later trials and (b) a previously suggested correction for guessing does not transform the data to…

The hypotheses that there will be a significant difference (1) in the number of responses generated according to economic issues, (2) in the number of responses generated according to social issues, (3) in the number of responses generated between the category of economic issues and the category of social issues, (4) in cue ranking by response…

If rehearsal can be identified with inner speech and if Vygotsky's theory of the development of inner speech is correct, then it should be possible to disrupt rehearsal by impairing articulation in young children. Performing a delayed short-term memory task with impaired articulation did not lead to a large decrement in performance as compared…

Reported were four experiments which investigated the developmental and mental retardation aspects of an initial stage of visual information processing termed iconic memory. The stage was explained to involve processing visual stimuli prior to sensation and through to recognition. In three of the four experiments, the paradigm of visual masking…

In continued-word association to key words similar and dissimilar in form and meaning, French-English bilinguals produced different patterns of responses. These are discussed in relation to how bilinguals organize words in their memory. Available from Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 W. 17th St., New York, NY 10011. (Author/RM)

Fifty 4-month-old infants were habituated to one wavelength of light and then tested for recognition with the original and two new spectral lights. After short- and long-term delays with different types of retroactive interference, the results indicated that the infants' recognition memory for hue was quite resilient to interference or delay. (JMB)

The purposes of the present experiments were to attempt to reproduce the Estes and Taylor (1964) results (the number of items identified from a many-item array was as much as twice the full-report span of four or five items) and to compare them with the number of items reported in the full-report procedure. (Author/RK)

Sixty-four four-year-old and 64 five-year-old children were presented a set of 25 pictures of common objects, classifiable either perceptually (color) or semantically. (Author/CL)

Previous work on recalling prose material can be criticized for its limited use of quantitative analysis and for neglecting the theoretical implications of the distinctions between verbatim and other forms of recall. Nine specially written passages used clauses and actual words to split reproduced material into verbatim, non-verbatim and intrusive…

The role of memory factors in the vowel discrimination of normal and at-risk 8-week-old infants was examined by studying the categorical versus continuous discrimination of very brief vowels in a nonnutritive sucking paradigm. Discrimination of the silent delay interval between the last familiar and the first novel stimulus was also examined.…

Two memory tasks--a constructive memory task and a semantic retrieval task--were used with groups of good and poor readers in second grade, in an effort to determine what effect, if any, memory processes have on reading. (MP)