The relationship between automatization ability (the tendency for repetitive routine aspects of behavior to become so overlearned that a minimum of conscious effort and attention is necessary for rapid efficient execution), as measured by the Rapid Automatic Naming (RAN) Test, and proficiency in arithmetic basic fact computation was investigated…

Topic changes in conversation are governed by principles of discourse organization. These principles are highly specified and are identical to those responsible for the organization of memory structures. Of the three levels of organization: (1) universally controlled organization; (2) culturally controlled organization; and (3) idiosyncratic…

An analysis based on an extensive review of the scientific and popular literature indicates that memory enhancement techniques (mnemotechnics) can be used to increase the effectiveness of military training. An overview of the most common memory enhancement techniques provides background for an assessment of the general utility of such techniques…

This postdoctoral program at the Research Laboratory of Electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology focused on the study of grammatical factors in sentence retention of short-term memory and included preparation of a paper on "Auditory Processing of Active-Passive Sentential Stimuli" as well as continued studies and readings in the…

The accuracy of the feeling of knowing (FOK) was assessed with regard to recall and recognition under three conditions: advanced or no advanced organizers; learned or non-learned information; and, sex differences. Twenty subjects learned paired-associates and were tested for recall and recognition accompanied by rating of FOK strength. The…

Describes three delayed-response experiments which tested two- and three-year-old children's memories for location of a hidden object under several combinations of spatial and pictorial cue availability and emphasis. (Author/JMB)

Two experiments with 18-week-old infants employed an interference paradigm to study infant visual memory for faces. (Author/JMB)

In a free-recall task, sixth graders were given instructions to rehearse aloud either actively or passively and were exposed to materials which differed in terms of the presumed salience of the list organization. Results showed that recall varied as a function of list organization under both types of rehearsal. (Author/JMB)

Examined relation between complaints of memory problems and memory test performance among depressed (N=25) and nondepressed (N=25) adults over the age of 40. Although depressed adults complained of greater problems in memory than did nondepressed adults, memory test performances of both groups were in the average to above average range. Discusses…

The study evaluated the semantic system of mentally retarded adults (N=32) to determine whether they encode information in semantic memory on the dimensions of item prototypicality and list organization. Results suggested that interference effects inhibited encoding by organization and typicality. (DB)

Three studies were conducted to investigate changes in global procedures (memory for a whole word), component procedures (memory for a letter in a word), and serial procedures (memory for a letter sequence in a word) as a function of learning to read. (PCB)

Tested the pegword system as an aid to memory in four age categories (18-30, 31-45, 46-59, and 60-90) using familiar sayings as stimuli. Results showed improved recall equally in all groups, although age had a pronounced effect on absolute recall level. No group reported significant spontaneous use of visual imagery. (Author/ABL)

Surveys the spread of literate culture in Western Europe and especially England and the decline of the ancient art of memory, both greatly attributable to the advent of printing. Argues that memory and literacy not only have intriguing historical roots but are closely intertwined. (JOW)

The objective of this article is to develop baseline models showing principal approaches to category learning. All models are based on a common memory array but vary in memory access and decision processes useful for interpretation of empirical phenomena. The main models discussed are exemplar, prototype, and feature. (JAZ)

A study examined the effects of biofeedback and relaxation training on memory tasks among 48 hyperactive boys (9-11 years old). Relaxation training in combination with biofeedback was useful in helping the boys achieve better muscle relaxation and perform better on a paired-associate memory task than did a control group. (Author/CB)