In this paper, we examine the instructional discourse of science lessons in two primary classrooms for explanations of bird adaptations for flight. We draw on case study data to describe ways in which student construction of explanations is scaffolded by the teachers. We recognized three categories of explanations developed in the discourse:…

This paper proposes an expanded conception of scaffolding with four key elements: (1) scaffolding agency--expert, reciprocal, and self-scaffolding; (2) scaffolding domain--conceptual and heuristic scaffolding; (3) the identification of self-scaffolding with metacognition; and (4) the identification of six zones of scaffolding activity; each zone…

Electronic collaborative learning environments for learning and working are in vogue. Designers design them according to their own constructivist interpretations of what collaborative learning is and what it should achieve. Educators employ them with different educational approaches and in diverse situations to achieve different ends. Students use…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report and discuss research that sought to explore how the individually purposeful nature of new employee workplace learning might be understood through its conception as epistemological agency, that is, the personally mediated construction of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach: Using a sociocultural…

What, if anything, do teachers need to know about how the brain works to improve teaching and learning? After all, a plumber needs to know how to stop leaks--not the molecular structure of water. And one can learn how to use a computer without knowing how a computer chip works. Likewise, teachers need to know how to help students develop…

Teacher leadership has been shackled by archaic definitions of leadership and timeworn assumptions about who can lead. Such ideas have situated leadership in the hands of a few formal leaders. Teachers have not seen themselves reflected in these prevailing notions, nor invited into the process. This article argues that a new definition of…

This work is grounded in a constructivistic conception of the learning of science, more particularly on the model known as teaching-learning as oriented research. In accordance with this theoretical basis we have developed an empirical research project to investigate the teaching of electrostatics in high schools. The designs developed have…

This article traces the development of a contextual approach to the teaching of science (physics) subsequently called the Large Context Problem (LCP) approach. This approach is based on the general observation that learning could be well motivated by a context with one unifying central idea capable of capturing the imagination of the students. The…

This paper provides an overview and research summary of Direct Instruction (DI) mathematics programs, specifically "DISTAR Arithmetic I" and "II" (Engelmann & Carnine, 1975, 1976), "Corrective Mathematics" (Engelmann & Carnine, 1982), and "Connecting Math Concepts" (CMC; Engelmann, Carnine, Kelly, & Engelmann, 1996a). A comparison of the…

Demonstrations have long been part of postsecondary science teaching. Teachers understand that in today's constructivist classroom, students must be involved in their learning. This need for active student involvement extends to all aspects of instruction, including learning from demonstrations. Active demonstrations that engage students and…

In education, STS too often is viewed as a new kind of course--new material for use in teaching. However, this view of STS is fraught with the same kind of problems as traditional teaching of natural science and technology. This major problem is that information is merely transmitted to students by lecture, discussion, verification laboratories,…

These dynamic literature-based activities will help teachers energize the entire social studies curriculum and implement national (and state) standards. The author presents hundreds of "hands-on, minds-on" projects that actively engage students in positive learning experiences. Each of the 62 units offers book summaries, social studies…

In this article, the authors were asked by the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes to teach a one-week, three-credit-hour course in American Indian literatures to a group of mostly Cheyenne and Arapaho students in El Reno, Oklahoma, in association with Redlands Community College. Though they knew there would be grueling eight-hour days in the classroom,…

This article describes a portion of a long-term action-research project investigating the teaching of the science of transportation to high school students using the case study or experiential method. Other aspects integrated with the project-oriented study are the use of Constructivist theory, the Socratic Method, and the incorporation of…

This study focuses on some Iranian high school mathematics teachers' beliefs about the nature of mathematics, its teaching and learning within two theoretical frameworks, Absolutist Traditional Beliefs and Constructivist Non-Traditional Beliefs. Almost 100 high school mathematics teachers in district 1 of education department of Tehran filled out…