Using data from the Jyvaskyla (Finland) Longitudinal Study of Social Development, teachers' abilities to estimate 326 students' (155 females and 171 males) career resources were assessed. Peer estimation of social skills and teacher assessment of academic achievement were found to be correlated with teachers' predictions of career success. (TJH)

Reviews scientific and professional trends in the field of health psychology. Discusses recent research on health promotion, psychological factors in the development of illness, cognitive representations of health and illness, stress and coping, social support, interventions to promote coping, and trends that will affect progress in the field.…

Examined the possibility that individuals may confound measures of temperament and behavior problems because of the conceptual overlap between the measures. The psychologists involved in the study considered temperament items to be better measures of temperament than of behavior problems. (Author/BB)

Analyzes information activities in relation to socioeconomic characteristics in low, middle, and highly developed economies for the years 1960 and 1977 through the use of cluster analysis. Results of data from 31 countries suggest that information development is achieved mainly by countries that have also achieved social development. (26…

Measures of working memory capacity and measures of word knowledge were used as predictors of three measures of reading skills in 95 undergraduates. Vocabulary size and speed of accessing it were independent of word knowledge. Reading comprehension, reading speed, and text inferencing ability were independent measures of reading skill. (SLD)

The issue of interpretation of standard test scores of minorities is discussed. The history of the issue is reviewed. The National Academy of Science's decision to reinterpret the scores of minorities is summarized. (YP)

Examined relationships among the levels of academic achievement, sex, anxiety, and self-esteem of junior high school students (N=256) in Taiwan. Found students' anxiety levels were generally negatively related to their levels of self-esteem. Anxiety level did not appear to be related to gender; self-esteem was related to gender with males having…

This study investigated characteristics differentiating life-long learners from low participants in learning among 195 human service professionals in southern New England. Discriminant function analysis of seven extracted factors and three demographic variables indicated significant differences distinguishing the two groups. (TJH)

The study examined the relationship between extreme levels of depressive symptomatology and age, gender, and placement label among 465 secondary-level students in special education resource programs for the seriously emotionally disturbed and learning disabled. Gender was the only significant predictor of severe depressive symptomatology, with…

Examines individual and situational variables as factors in the behavior of computer users, namely copying of software and distribution of computer viruses. The results indicate that situational variables explain much of the variance in copying software, while the individual variable of sex is strongly related to computer virus distribution. (17…

This study was undertaken to determine whether a biology preparatory course given at an urban community college was helping students to develop the proper skills and background necessary to successfully complete follow-up courses in biology. Data indicated a mathematics score was the main discriminator between pass/fail groups of the preparatory…

Examined the accuracy and validity of self-reports and their effect on tests of attitude-behavior relationships. Self-reports were reasonably accurate, but they produced results different from actual behavior in attitude-behavior tests. Concludes that self-reports and actual behavior should be measured, tested, and modeled separately. (Author/LS)

The use of measures of overconfidence and underconfidence in predicting subsequent academic performance of medical students was studied and found to be more useful than conventional scores in predicting both clerkship and board test performance. (Author/MSE)

A study of predictors of academic withdrawal among American Indian medical students found the characteristics of those withdrawing to include lower age, larger number of siblings, attendance at reservation schools, poorer academic preparation, excessive family responsibilities, and encounters with cultural misperceptions. (MSE)

Collected data on 50 Black, 6 Oriental, and 6 White college freshmen participating in summer preparatory program. Data analysis revealed racial differences on Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, but not in study habits or confidence in learning ability. Given equal SAT scores upon entering college, racial differences still existed on cumulative…