The "Planning Wheel" is an evolution of the original Systems Approach Model (SAM) that was introduced in 1986 by Murk and Galbraith. Unlike most current planning models, which are linear in design and concept, the Planning Wheel bridges the gap between linear and nonlinear processes. The "Program Planning Wheel" is designed to…

Learning to see reality at multiple levels provides instructional leaders with several advantages (e.g., being adaptive and solving problems before they occur, being creative by choosing a different future, and being generative by bringing forth something new). Four distinct levels of reality in systems thinking are: events encountered on a daily…

This paper presents a summary of systems change research as it applies to planning comprehensive early childhood service systems. It explains the inter-agency model developed by the Collaborative Planning Project for Planning Comprehensive Early Childhood Systems at the University of Colorado. The model attempts to address system issues such as…

A description of how peer tutoring can work with a systems approach. (HB)

Based on executive order 11491 dealing with continued recognition of the collective rights of Federal employees, a systems model for labor management negotiations is developed. The evolution of the collective bargaining system is diagramed schematically and is being tested with the Air Force system of industrial relations. (DS)

Discusses various systems models and examines the conditions under which one educational system can be said to be better than another. (WM)

A look at the five basic subsystems in the food service operation should make equipment selections easier. (Author/MF)

Author describes his system for helping students to plan and take responsibility for their own program of study. (Author)

Paper differentiates managerial performance from management capacity and management style. Methods of structured communication and problem-solving are proposed, in the context of an overall educational working structure, arising out of systematic principles, and oriented towards individualized, integrated and broadly based learning. (Author)

Describes the basic essentials of the system approach and its influence on organization theory. Analyzes six case studies according to difficulties arising from variations in the coordination and control of building projects. (Author/MLF)

Evaluates PLAN, a computer-managed individualized learning program covering language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies for grade levels K-12. (Author/MF)

When a program of innovative change is proposed for a school, it may well be possible to predict which of the various subsystems of the school will offer the most resistance. The group who are required to make the greatest modification in their normal procedures of operation will raise the highest level of resistance. (Author)

Counseling is discussed as a model for future problem solving if the client is fully aware of what the process is and if he is given opportunities to participate by making suggestions and decisions along the way. The ultimate goal is for the client to become his own systems analyst and be fully in charge of his own destiny. (Author)

Playing up the mechanical/structural elements of buildings to let the interiors derive expression from the building has gained wide acceptance with designers. A systems building for Milton Keynes (a new town in England), an office building lobby, and a child care center in New York illustrate how similar principles, applied to varied problems by…