Examines the factors influencing the use of a plan by four- and five-year-old children to judge the relative number of two sets by one-to-one correspodence. Results suggest that most children have one-to-one plans in long-term memory by age four. (Author/RWB)

Indicates that subjects spent more time reading important information than unimportant information and that, when processing time was limited, extra cognitive effort was allocated to accomplish the same result. Finds that important information was also recalled better, confirming the "levels effect." Reports three experiments supporting…

To evaluate the relative effectiveness of two media for conveying narrative information, young children and adults were presented the same story via television or radio. Media differences were found, with children in the radio condition showing significantly more errors in comprehension and memory than children in the television condition.…

In two experiments, the importance of mnemonic illustrations for improving the learning and memory performance of learning disabled adolescents was studied. Results showed that students learned more when they studied passages with mnemonic pictures and that mnemonic instruction facilitated students ability to make inferences about information…

Ten mildly retarded young adult males and nonretarded subjects matched for chronological age or mental age were required to recognize both verbal and nonverbal stimuli presented tachistoscopically. Results of a backward visual masking paradigm varying stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) indicated the retarded subjects performed poorer at the longest…

Reports the results of two studies designed to investigate the presence of six cognitive levels of intellectual performance as predicted by Bloom's taxonomy. Results of both experiments revealed a performance dichotomy with synthesis and evaluation forming the superior category. Includes examples of the text items used and draws implications for…

Reviews a study which sought to obtain a quantitative metabolic map of the neurons mediating a specific memory. Research results support notions of cooperative processes in which nonrandom behavior of high ensembles of neural elements mediates the integration and processing of information and the retrieval of memory. (ML)

The goal of this unified theory of human reasoning is to specify what constitutes reasoning and to characterize the psychological distinction between inductive and deductive reasoning. The theory views reasoning as the controlled and mediated application of three processes (encoding, comparison and selective combination) to inferential rules. (JAZ)

Third and sixth graders read an illustrated story and were presented with either a television or radio version of another story. Across a range of comprehension and memory measures, performance in the radio condition and reading were related, while performance in the television condition and reading were not. (Author/CB)

Investigates the effects of breakdowns in referential and factual coherence on text comprehension and reveals that the processing of factually inconsistent information hindered other information in passages. (FL)

Investigates, using eight scenarios, children making inferences about memory from incomplete knowledge and children varying in what they judge as relevant information in their schema. Showed that older children are less likely than younger ones to invoke an inferential schema when making memory judgements. (Author/BB)

This study investigated whether good novice problem solvers have their knowledge arranged around problem types to a greater extent than poor problem solvers have. Twelve problem types (see appendix) were distinguished according to underlying physics principles and 65 knowledge elements were printed on cards for university students to sort.…

Reports on a longitudinal study of retention of science learning carried out in Israel (from grade 8 to grade 10, ages 13-16). Findings show that retention of meaningful school materials does exist from one course to another, even over relatively extended materials. (JN)

Describes a study of whether dysarthric patients who have lost the ability to speak as a result of brain damage, but whose language is intact, show incidence of phonological coding and "inner speech." Concludes that phonological coding and subvocal rehearsal cab operate without feedback from the peripheral speech musculature. (SED)

The neurochemistry and physiology of memory and learning should be relevant to classroom techniques and methods of study. Findings should be examined to discover where positive and negative cross-correlated effects might occur between basic science information and educational methods. (MLW)