Eye tracking is a useful tool for studying human cognition, both in the laboratory and in real-world applications. However, there are cases in which eye tracking is not possible, such as in high-security environments where recording devices cannot be introduced. After facing this challenge in our own work, we sought to test the effectiveness of…

Reaction coordinate diagrams (RCDs) are an important tool used to visualize the energetics of a chemical reaction. RCDs provide information about the kinetics of the reaction, the mechanism by which the reaction occurs, and the relative thermodynamic stability of the molecules in a reaction. Previous research studies have characterized student…

Textbooks on Dynamical Systems Theory usually present only three types of codimension-one bifurcations occurring in autonomous first-order nonlinear differential equations. These three types are called saddle-node, transcritical, and pitchfork. However, the number of bifurcations is virtually infinite. In this didactic work, the bifurcation…

Most individuals view the world through images and many share memories through social networking sites (SNSs) and other online spaces continuously. Due to the immense amount of communication through images, it is increasingly important to develop competencies in visual, media, and privacy literacy; therefore, this article presents Photovoice 2.0,…

iPhoneography is the practice of capturing, enhancing, and sharing images using a smartphone device. With the emergence of image-based social media platforms that highlight the experience of making images, it becomes critical to examine how the act of creating images enhances comprehension of visuals. The practice of iPhoneography and image-based…

Although three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is increasingly used in dental education, its application regarding the provision of online visual augmented feedback has not been tested. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) develop two generations of multicolored 3D-printed teeth that provide visual augmented feedback for students conducting the…

Representing and recording student thinking in public spaces during mathematics discussions is challenging work. In this article, the authors articulate why skillfully recording and representing during discussions matters. The authors share principles for recording student thinking in the moment and share an activity structure to use with…

The concept of Dominant Language Constellations (DLC) is complementary to the notion of language repertoire. It denotes the set of a person's most expedient languages, functioning as an entire unit and enabling an individual to meet all their needs in a multilingual environment. While a language repertoire refers to the totality of linguistic…

Starting with the notion of 'wresting control from the elders' as a defining feature of the imaginary of revolution, this part of the book examines how the school climate strikes (SCS) of 2019-2020 enacts this orientation, in being a youth activist movement attempting to draw attention to the ongoing climate apocalypse. This section examines data…

Emojis are nonverbal elements used in text-based communication that may function like gestures in spoken communication (Feldman et al., 2017; McCulloch & Gawne, 2018). Like words, emojis can convey semantic information and support message comprehension (Lo, 2008; Riordan, 2017b). Nevertheless, the cognitive and perceptual processes involved in…

While there has been much interest in the power of student-generated multiple representations to promote student reasoning and conceptual understanding, most studies of student explanations have been of written artefacts or only included diagrams as an adjunct to written explanations. This approach may be because teachers do not have an accessible…

In this article, inspired by the idea of using data to think "with" theory [Jackson, A., and L. Mazzei. 2012. "Thinking with Theory in Qualitative Research: Viewing Data Across Multiple Perspectives." London: Routledge], we explore how our ethnographic visual data will be 'thought', 'theorised' and verbalised using concepts…

Purpose: Aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) displays are often designed as symmetrical row--column grids, with each square in the grid containing a symbol. To maximize vocabulary on displays, symbols are often placed close to one another, and background color cuing is used to signal/differentiate symbols across different…

Many test items use both an image and text, but present them in a spatially separate manner. This format could potentially cause a split-attention effect in which the test taker's cognitive load is increased by having to split attention between the image and text, while mentally integrating the two sources of information. We investigated the…

The use of multimodal approaches to articulate young children's perspectives are evident in a wide range of recent research. This paper explores the creation of multimodal map-texts as a strategy to engage with young children and articulate their perspectives. It describes the development of a flexible map-based approach that was used in home,…