Describes a study which identified concepts and images which Swiss children and youth recognized as representing their country as a whole. Five hundred and sixty, 10-15-year-old-students consistently chose geographic features such as mountains and meadows, democracy, and neutrality to symbolize Switzerland. (AM)

Studied differential valuation of conformity and self-relevance as an antecedent to the use of physical punishment. Data from a sample of cultures indicated that a different cultural emphasis on conformity relative to self-reliance had a substantial positive effect on physical punishment. (Author/RC)

Education is inextricably linked with politics; it is used as a means of indoctrination or liberation. Evaluators of educational programs are not neutral; choices are made of methods, objects of study, and potential uses of results. Evaluation tools should take these factors into consideration and focus on organizations rather than individuals in…

This essay describes the dimensions of political socialization with systematic political education as a major component. Both promote individual acceptance of political norms--particularly where government and school systems are tightly linked. The authors argue that political socialization should promote effective citizenship rather than simply…

This study of Israeli youths' attitudes toward the Arab-Israeli conflict found that youthful opinions stemmed not from a single, coherent attitude but instead were affected by specific issues. Religiosity was the clearest determining influence. The impact of the Holocaust and Zionism were too complex to be described by the methods used. (Author/AM)

Tested the activity theory (which proposes that elderly persons remain in active contact with their environment) and disengagement theory (which suggests adjustment comes through reduction of activity and social contact). Disengaged elderly were identified. Subjects demonstrated significant improvement over the untreated control subjects. Results…

The growth of physical education as a discipline is shown in historical perspective through a look at the 1934 Atlantic City convention and related events through the end of 1939. Special attention is given to the most notable participants and contributors from the Eastern District. (JN)

Experiential learning programs which are conducted outdoors are termed outdoor education. Four categories of outdoor education programing are discussed: (1) personal growth programs; (2) interdisciplinary studies; (3) socializing agencies; and (4) recreation education. (JN)

The authors caution that in neglecting to focus on cognitive training, special education may be denying the very ideology on which it is built. (Author)

The pros and cons of the influence of television on society are debated. Television is considered a means by which cultural information is transmitted and a powerful mechanism of socialization. However, television can be seen as a threat to the traditional role of literacy in society. (JN)

Examines the relationship between ideology as a structuring device for political information and the use of television and newspapers as sources of that information. Discusses how ideological sophistication interacts with exposure to political information to produce political attitude holding and attitude structure. (JMF)

The article examines ways in which programs for the gifted can foster leadership and discusses the effects of sex role socialization on gifted girls' academic performance and career interest. (CL)

Analyzes the way in which schooling has traditionally been used in the United States to inculcate national identity and culture. The analysis is based on research about political socialization at different time periods and on widely used textbooks. Also discusses questions of indoctrination. (DB)

Describes current directions of research on organizational entry and their limitations. Presents a new perspective that identifies key features of a newcomer's entry experiences (including surprise, contrast, and change), and describes the sense-making processes by which individuals cope with their entry experiences. (Author/IRT)

Argues that librarians need to become more politically-minded if they are to determine their future role in the "information age." Examples of political forces at work in information issues are given: national periodicals center, national library agency, Department of Education, bibliographic utilities and networks, private sector, and…