Interviews of families during winter and the following summer and winter revealed that (1) mothers who did not work during summer were more involved than fathers in parenting during the summer; and (2) in families in which the mother worked during summer, an egalitarian division of parenting was maintained during the summer. (BC)

Interviews with 10 beginning principals in rural high schools examined: principals' perceptions of teacher expectations in four areas of instructional leadership; the ways that instructional leadership norms were transmitted from teachers to new principals; and principals' behavioral responses to teachers' socialization "messages."…

Describes the model of funding and socializing doctoral students that has been used by the School of Nursing at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Explains the goal of the program--to educate persons who can conduct research that will contribute to the scientific knowledge base of nursing. (Author/JOW)

Three moral dilemmas involving sex discrimination/stereotypes were presented to 161 6-11 year olds. Many children appeared prepared to justify gender discrimination, accepted the "validity" of stereotypes, and/or felt pressured to conform to social norms. Both cognitive, age-linked intervention and help in resisting social pressure were…

Responses from 334 of 496 college graduates (32% in co-op) and 219 of 334 in a 6-month follow-up revealed that co-op participants used more effective learning techniques and varied sources and had quicker adjustment to their new jobs. Nonco-op graduates relied on organizationally sanctioned sources and were relatively naive and inexperienced. (SK)

A survey of 128 undergraduate female students indicated that 44% had experienced cross-gender sexual play as children, which was often seen as involving persuasion, manipulation, or coercion. A typology of six kinds of sexual play experiences was derived. Discussion focuses on the differentiation of childhood sexual abuse from play and gender…

Analysis of 238 variables pertaining to 170 polities indicated that linguistic heterogeneity could not independently predict either gross national product or civil strife, with the former primarily accounted for by modernization and industrialization variables, and the latter by long- and short-term deprivation and inadequate coercive power. (14…

Investigated the degree to which parents encouraged offspring to behave altruistically, using a sample of 197 12- to 18-year-old students from the laboratory school of the University of Northern Colorado. Mothers encouraged such behavior more than fathers, and expected daughters more often than sons to behave thus. (DM)

Describes how professors can guide and encourage graduate students to write for publication, thereby empowering students as professional practitioners and reformers in their fields. Teachers can take steps to create an environment of professional scholarship within their classes. Demystifying writing for publication reinforces class content and…

Explores how stability and continuity in scientific disciplines are sustained through socialization processes of doctoral training. Identifies inter-generational transmission of knowledge, skills, and assumptions as key elements in socialization. Uses this research to contest recent United Kingdom educational policies based on theories of a…

Explores how elementary children reflect upon a wide variety of visual humor, and what beliefs and assumptions arise in their responses. Finds that children found amusement in popular art, but not in fine art; have shared assumptions and understandings about humor by grade two; and that visual humor can expand children's concepts of art. (DSK)

Personal examples of the authors' experience of race and gender in career development are used as a springboard to a discussion of career socialization, external obstacles faced by women, mentoring, and the implications for adult education. (SK)

Describes results of an examination of the socialization process of alternative-school students. Reveals, through qualitative analysis of observations and interviews, that the at-risk alternative program did not socialize new students for conventional school and may be contributing to students' disengagement from school and/or learning. (SR)

Gangs socialize Chicano youths, who then exhibit behaviors that interfere with learning. Educators are not well informed about gang culture to intervene. Three Los Angeles programs provide examples of ways schools can stop exacerbating the problem and successfully reach youth in gangs. (SK)

Discusses social learning family therapy hypotheses on the development and sustenance of conduct disorder in early childhood, together with treatment approaches that use parents as the primary agents of change. Reviews research showing that parent training procedures hold much promise for the treatment of conduct disorder in childhood. (JPB)