In two experiments, third, fifth, and eleventh graders attributed success to effort more frequently on a "sex inappropriate" task than on a "sex appropriate" task. Overriding sex-of-actor biases emerged in explanations for failures, suggesting that failures were treated as anticipated outcomes for females. (Author/MJL)

Rates of friendly behavior were significantly greater after six moderately/severely retarded aggressive institutionalized adults participated in socialization games. The games also significantly decreased interpersonal distance. Unfriendly behavior and inactivity were higher after placebo sessions (simple craft projects). (CL)

An experiential graduate education model that effectively addresses issues of adult development and socialization for adults entering the profession of clinical psychology is described. (Author/MSE)

Offers a perspective on the impact nurse educators have on their students, adding even more complexity to the multiple roles of the nurse faculty member. (Author)

Reviews Arthur Jensen's "Bias in Mental Testing" in terms of its implications for racial genetic inferiority, and offers alternate explanations for racial differences in testing based on data from studies on Black socialization and cultural differences in child rearing. (CM)

Describes research on the influence of sex, grade level, religiosity, and birth order on adolescents' perceptions of their parents' power/authority on such dimensions as control of economic resources, decision-making, and rewards/punishments; guidance; right to exercise power; and knowledge/competence in adolescent heterosexual relationships and…

Tests a model which relates student political attitudes to the degree of participation in extracurricular activities. Subjects were 3,087 high school students. Findings showed that political attitudes are predictors of participation in the political arena in high schools. (AM)

Using 254 mother-father-youth triads gathered from Catholic, Baptist, and Methodist churches, looked at patterns of parent-child value transmission. Membership in one denomination or another predicted children's values more than did their parents' values, indicating that value socialization takes place in cultural subgroups more than in nuclear…

Drawing on anthropological theories of cultural transmission, the author suggests that the simple notion of teacher education be replaced with a concept incorporating teacher education (instruction in formal procedures), teacher enculturation (role-learning through observation), and teacher schooling (transmission of professional folklore which…

Investigated construct validity of the Social Interest Index (SII) with 140 male alcoholics. Hypothesized that the SII would relate positively with measures of mental health, intelligence, education, and internal locus of control and would relate negatively with measures of MMPI "pathology" scales. The hypotheses generally were…

Exposed subjects to sadomasochistic or nonviolent sexual passages, then to rape portrayal. Responses to rape showed interaction between gender and previous exposure. Gender differences were found in rape perception. Subjects believed that a high percentage of men would rape if not punished and that a high percentage of women would enjoy…

Examined effects of client elaboration of imagery during covert modeling treatment and effects of treatment of unassertiveness on self-efficacy. Covert modeling plus elaboration achieved greater change than other covert modeling groups. Treatment effects brought clients within range of subjects regarding themselves as adept in social situations…

Describes the role of textbooks in the development of student political attitudes and activities in Siberian elementary and secondary education between 1917-1931. Textbooks were used to reinforce communist values, to increase knowledge about industrial development and collective agricultural methods, and to orient students toward socially useful…

For the Aristotelian principle to become operative, certain principles must be met. Individuals should be free from anxiety about satisfying basic needs. They cannot enjoy complexity in their lives beyond a certain point. To have satisfying lives, individuals should engage in both passive and active enjoyments, leading from a lower to a higher…

A test of the Biglan model of faculty subcultures using measures of research output and tests of the model controlling for the effects of faculty socialization are described. The Biglan model is found to be valid, and the distinctiveness of the Biglan groups appears to increase with the socialization of faculty into subject areas. (Author/MLW)