This paper examines ways in which schools are a major agent in the continuing socialization that leads to discrimination against women and sex role stereotyping. The author gives illustrations from teacher behaviors, textbooks, physical education and athletics, and counseling. The paper then reviews some of the consequences of sex discrimination…

This speech addressed itself to the variety of achievement motivations that can be critically different for men and women. The author, impressed by the different ways people cognitively define and experience a successful accomplishment, developed a taxonomy of psychological cues which people might use in defining their success. Six varieties of…

This study hypothesizes that professional women will have more intra- and inter-role conflict than their male professional counterparts. Data were collected from male and female employees at a major midwestern university in three occupational groups--faculty, academic-professional, and nonacademic. Inter- and intra-role conflict data were…

The idea that women and gay people must "do it themselves" forms the central theme throughout this book. The essays document the oppression women and gay people experience, and describe ways in which alternative futures can be built. In "channelling," the author describes the process by which sex roles are developed and hardened. Two essays…

Knowledge about guns and the relation between play with guns and aggressivity was assessed in a group of 5-9 year old children. Each child was questioned about his gun play and his understanding of guns after he was shown a display of two toy and two real guns. This data was then correlated with a teacher rating of aggression for each child.…

There is no aspect of human experience or human socialization more important than cooperation with others. The person's ability to engage in sustained cooperative endeavors depends upon a series of competencies. Successful cooperation depends upon the person having an integrated and coherent identity, directionality, a clear preception of…

This paper is concerned with the dynamics of the adult socialization process. The general hypothesis is: the level of aspiration of a patient is positively associated with his socialization (his rehabilitation) outcome. Subjects were 105 patients with spinal cord injuries or amputations. The two aspects of socialization considered in the study are…

This report discusses the type of women found in the world of work, their reasons for employment, and their most frequent occupational choices. In paying particular attention to sex discrimination against women, this paper mentions pay differentials and access to lower status jobs, and attributes them partially to the effects of sex-role…

This paper examines the current inability to attain certain goals in higher education, then offers a few suggestions for increases in accountability and coordination. Emphasis is placed on education's social goals, socialization of the young, changes in higher education, autonomous campus units, lack of academic objectives and priorities for the…

Aggression is examined in this discussion of the role of television in the development of young children's social behaviors. The way aggression is interpreted by children watching television and program influences on the children's own aggressive behavior are among topics considered. Some suggestions are made in regard to context of aggression…

The paper identified some of the major elements of political learning and suggests some of the conceptual links among these. The basic assumption of this paper is that the several existing approaches to learning and development can account for a significant portion of political learning. A selective picture of concepts and empirical knowledge…

The role of inhibition as related to sex differences in aggression was investigated using 20 nursery school and 20 second grade children. A dart gun was employed, with choices of four targets--drawings of a boy, a girl, a zebra, and an object. There were three sessions and eight target choices per session. Choice of the human target was assumed to…

Academic achievement in males is quite consistently predictable from locus of control scores, although this is not true for females. Reasons suggested for this apparent inconsistency include the use of externality as a shield against failure, the instruments used and a "fear of success" in women. Several studies with college and elementary school…

In investigating emotional phenomena in humans, overt-behavioral, self-report, and physiological responses all often seem to be appropriate measures. However, experience has shown that these different kinds of response often do not vary together. It may be that these measures disagree because they are related to different underlying variables. To…

This study of graduate student socialization in Departments of Political Science is based on data collected in 14 departments of broadly representative Ph.D. granting institutions in the U.S. All students and faculty in all departments were sent a questionnaire asking about their attitude toward the profession, their program of study, their…