Three pigeons were trained to discriminate among 5 mg/kg pentobarbital, 2 mg/kg amphetamine, a combination of these two drugs at these doses, and saline using a four-choice procedure (amphetamine--pentobarbital group). Three other pigeons were trained to discriminate among 5 mg/kg morphine, 2 mg/kg methamphetamine, a combination of these two drugs…

Pigeons' choosing between fixed-interval and random-interval schedules of reinforcement was investigated in three experiments using a discrete-trial procedure. In all three experiments, the random-interval schedule was generated by sampling a probability distribution at an interval (and in multiples of the interval) equal to that of the…

Our research addressed the question of whether sensitivity to relative reinforcer magnitude in concurrent chains depends on the distribution of reinforcer delays when the terminal-link schedules are equal. In Experiment 1, 12 pigeons responded in a two-component procedure. In both components, the initial links were concurrent variable-interval 40…

The present experiment investigated whether rats formed emergent, untrained stimulus relations in many-to-one matching-to-sample discriminations. In Phase 1, rats were trained to match two samples (triangle and horizontal stripes) to a common comparison (horizontal stripes) and two additional samples (circle or vertical stripes) to another…

This article describes an interdisciplinary, activity-based lesson plan implemented in a third/fourth-grade classroom. During these activities, students use musical concepts to think about, illustrate, and discuss animal behavior, and they use scientific concepts to motivate musical composition and performance. The lesson ends with small group…

The orbitofrontal cortex (OBFc) has been suggested to code the motivational value of environmental stimuli and to use this information for the flexible guidance of goal-directed behavior. To examine whether information regarding reward prediction is quantitatively represented in the rat OBFc, neural activity was recorded during an olfactory…

Four experiments, all employing the conditioned suppression of licking in thirsty rats, examined the extent to which reinforcement of one component, A, of a compound conditioned stimulus, AB, would "block" conditioning to the other element, B, on the first compound trial. (Editor)

Provided are suggestions for student investigations of life in swift stream communities, in slow stream areas and near a spring. (PEB)

Laboratories using animals were evaluated for their contribution to learning processes of students in introductory psychology courses. (RK)

To investigate the possible cue (stimulus) as opposed to motivational functions of drive and reward, this study assessed the effects of problem difficulty, reward magnitude, and drive level on the performance of rats in visual discrimination tasks entailing both choice and speed measures. (Editor/RK)

The following experiments are an attempt to clarify the role of learned safety by investigating the applicability of the concept of conditioned inhibition to a taste-aversion procedure and by differentiating its effects fromthose of latent inhibition. (Author)

This agriculture extension service publication of Pennsylvania State University discusses the damage from and control of vertebrate pests. Specific discussions describe the habits, habitat, and various control measures for blackbirds and crows, deer, meadow and pine mice, European starlings, and woodchucks. Where confusion with non-harmful species…

This agriculture extension service publication from Pennsylvania State University discusses the control of vertebrate pests of urban and suburban ornamentals and turf. Specific pests described are blackbirds, chipmunks, moles, rabbits, and European starlings. Identification, habits, economic importance, and control methods ranging from poisoning…

The purpose of this study is to determine categories of learning styles based on research on the chemical and physiological correlates of learning, as well as the development of simple measures that would allow an investigator to place a subject within one or more of these categories. The data from eight experiments with rats suggests that there…

The results of this study suggested that size change may contribute to the forgetting of events occurring late in development, but that neurological immaturity may underly the forgetting of earlier events. (Editor/RK)