Argues that language tests employing methods not fair to all test takers are unethical. Ways of reducing sources of unfairness in language testing is discussed. (15 references) (Author/CK)

Examines the relationship between peer review and governmental regulation as sources of authority in U.S. institutions of higher education. Reviews the development of government's role in education and highlights conflicts and synchronization between peer and governmental authority. Argues that peer review systems provide educators with a unique…

Analyzes the development of collective interest in children's moral and physical well-being. Proposes alleviation of the dichotomy between "moral progress" and the "discourse of suspicion" which sees reform as the imposition of one social group over another. Discusses and illustrates trends with data from the Children's Aid Society and the New…

Examines the struggle between dominant and minority groups in terms of the use of language. Traces the development of literacy as a means of social control in the United States and England. Argues that linking literacy with standard language creates an effective form of ideological hegemony. (FMW)

Drawing on the recent intersection of political, literary, and feminist work provides commentary and analysis of state forms of discourse about education. Argues that the discourses of the state, as they position language, knowledge, education, identity, and gender within texts, wreak havok on people's lives. (DMM)

An occupational health survey conducted by union members in collaboration with an epidemiologist found that stress is a major occupational hazard. Conflict over dissemination of the results raised issues about who controls the research process and its outcomes, to whom are researchers accountable, and whether the scientific method can be used to…

Three types of conduct disorder behavior are described: group, solitary aggressive, and undifferentiated. Behaviors exhibited by the solitary aggressive youth who operates alone are characterized by violence, acting out, and refusing direction. This behavior type is regarded as particularly problematic for teachers. (JW)

Reports of a study of 288 undergraduate business and psychology students on their views about smoking policies at a fictitious medium-sized business. Finds that smoking status and attitudes toward smoking policy are strongly related. Suggests that the best policy would be to achieve a balance. (CFR)

Argues that children's literature contains strategies to confine texts within a narrow band of sociocultural values. The language of children's fiction offers conventionalized discourse by means of which content is encoded. These texts are symptomatic of how literature is complicit in the ideological construction of Australian childhood. (nine…

This article reviews research describing the use of interspersed requests to prevent or reduce problem behavior (e.g., self abuse and aggression) in students with disabilities. The strategy requires presenting two to five short, easy instructional tasks immediately before presenting a difficult task or one likely to result in undesirable…

Interviews with 12 workers and with management representatives in a manufacturing plant found that the total-quality-management process and workplace literacy program were implemented under the guise of worker development, but were actually driven by policy to reduce labor costs. Adult education was complicit in the strategy of using learning to…

Compares levels of status quo support in three television news stories of a single protest event. Finds that status quo support had significant effects on undergraduate viewers, leading them to be: more critical of, and less likely to identify with, the protesters; less critical of the police; and less likely to support the protesters' expressive…

Examines exhibits and discourses about three prominent groups of disabilities at the 1904 World's Fair: individuals with blindness or deafness; individuals with mental retardation; and babies who were premature. The identification of disabled who could improve and the use of education and science to control disabled are discussed. (CR)

Longitudinal data from the National Youth Survey indicate that, in general, social control variables, such as attachment to family and educational aspirations, significantly predicted sexual activity among white adolescents, while strain variables, such as perceived inability to achieve educational goals, predicted sexual behavior of black…

Using longitudinal data on sanctions against member schools of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, this study examined density of competition and legitimacy of rules as regulatory dynamics across organizations. The legitimacy of rules varied across schools and regions, creating different cultures of competition that affected the…