The brief Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity (Francis-4) psychometric performance in Mexico is unknown. The objective was to evaluate the dimensionality, homogeneity, gender differential item functioning (DIF), and nomological validity of Francis-4. 1,108 university students between 18 and 60 years of age were evaluated; 80.4% were…

The Technological Leadership Behavior Instrument for School Principal (TLBISP) was developed and validated to examine technological leadership behaviors of secondary school principals in the use of technology by teachers according to secondary school teachers' views. The content and construct validity were ensured, and the internal consistency and…

This article presents the development and validation of a scale for young people, which measures the resilience of schools in ensuring the educational pathways of students in vulnerable and challenging territories. This scale was developed within a national-level project, conducted in Portuguese border regions with Spain, which are peripheral…

This study focused on the development of the Socialization of Lying scale for which exploratory factor analysis demonstrated four empirically interpretable subscales: Parents' Values and Direct Socialization about Honesty, Encouragement and Modeling of Lying, Consequences for Lying, and The Child's Problematic Lying. These emergent factors suggest…

The present study is part of an exploratory research study conducted to understand the Learning experiences of adult learners in Higher Education Institutes in India. The primary aim of the present study was to examine the motivational orientations of adult learners for lifelong educational courses and hence, the Educational Participation Scale…

Financial literacy scales are often used as a diagnostic tool to assess financial knowledge levels among various populations, although few of them have undergone empirical testing. This study utilized exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a sample of Chinese rural migrant workers to identify the underlying structure of a financial literacy scale…

Numerous educational institutions worldwide have halted face-to-face teaching and learning sessions in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. In Malaysia, the suspension began in March 2020, pushing educational institutions to transition to online classrooms and reshape their academic calendars for consecutive semesters. The reality of online classes…

Item factor analysis (IFA), also known as Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT), is a general framework for specifying the functional relationship between a respondent's multiple latent traits and their response to assessment items. The key element in MIRT is the relationship between the items and the latent traits, so-called item factor…

This research aims to develop a reliable and valid scale to determine middle school students' self-efficacy about estimation skills. In addition, with the developed scale, the estimation skill self-efficacy of middle school students was examined in terms of various variables. For these purposes, a draft scale of 40 items was developed by reviewing…

Item response theory (IRT) refers to a family of mathematical models which describe the relationship between latent continuous variables (attributes or characteristics) and their manifestations (dichotomous/polytomous observed outcomes or responses) with regard to a set of item characteristics. Researchers typically use parametric IRT (PIRT)…

In Western society, teacher social recognition has been identified as an important factor for improving teaching and learning. Although there are currently instruments that measure teacher social recognition, they mainly address the Western conceptualization of recognition and rely on simplistic measurement schemes. Supporting teachers via…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity evidence for the use of the 19-item and 20-item short forms of the MUSIC Model of Academic Motivation Inventory (College Student version) with undergraduate students. These shorter forms of the MUSIC Inventory could be beneficial to teachers and researchers. Our analysis included inventory…

The development of computational thinking skills is attracting attention worldwide. The use of visual or block-based coding in primary schools has gained momentum. Yet, students' acceptance of such coding environments has been neglected in the literature. This study presents a measurement instrument that will allow pursuing such an endeavor. The…

Empirical research in education has largely adopted quantitative approaches to measure teachers' and students' perceptions of fairness and justice in classroom contexts. The purpose of this study is to understand the validity evidence of fairness and justice instruments including how fairness and justice have been conceptualized in measures.…

Implementation of social and emotional learning (SEL) programs and practices is becoming increasingly prevalent in Pre-K through Grade 12 educational settings. Research provides robust evidence to support positive outcomes associated with SEL implementation; however, we also know that implementation can be impacted by a variety of different…