The pretest-posttest design referred to as Design 2 by Campbell and Stanley (1963) is commonly used in educational research and evaluation. The tenability of the assumption of a zero population difference commonly used with this design is questioned. A nonzero population estimate based on the mean difference observed in test-retest reliability…

This study was designed to compare time allocations to major functions actually performed and idealized by bilingual administrators and principals; to rank specific procedures used in accomplishing these functions; to determine staffing patterns, and program and organizational characteristics; and to isolate personal/professional demographics of…

Four sections of introductory psychology were involved in a study of aptitude-treatment interactions. Two sections were taught with a high-structure curriculum, and two with a low-structure curriculum. Students' preference for structure was measured with the Inventory of Beliefs (IOB). During eight weeks of instruction, observers recorded…

This study was designed to determine differences in the goal orientation of school administrators and parents regarding school reorganization and differences in administrators' and parents' perceptions of the progress being made on reorganizational goals. A research instrument was developed and pilot-tested on a group of parents and then…

Evaluation is as basic to professional development as it is to education. Unfortunately, systematic evaluations of professional development programs are rarely, if ever, undertaken. Professional development has become polluted by extraordinarily presumptuous rhetoric about the intrinsic value of "development." In the recent flurry of…

Noting that the practitioner is confronted with conflicting definitions of "fairness" that claim to avoid "bias" in test usage, this article asserts that "mean fairness" can be achieved by use of multiple regression with the dichotomous variate, group membership, included as a predictor; mean fairness also holds for sub-groupings, based on test…

The taxonomic distance from an "ideal country" is used as a composite index of relative development levels of 50 countries; measuring economic, mass media, and high-level manpower potentials, and showing acceleration of rate of increases, and underlying shifts in rank positions in years 1955, 1960, and 1965. (Author/ND)

This study compared reading readiness profiles of 232 first graders with the reported norms of a decade ago. It is suggested that children are currently entering first grade with greater competencies in understanding language, percieving visual similarities and differences, and comprehending basic number concepts than was the case a decade ago.…

Research supported by Public Health Research Grant MH-10274-4 from the National Institute of Mental Health.

This paper presents and illustrates a technique that can be used to analyze the internal and external influences on community college enrollment trends and staffing patterns in a way that quantitatively expresses the amount of increase or decrease attributable to various competing factors. Introductory material relates the rationale behind the…

The purposes of this study were, first, to gather descriptive information regarding the measurement and evaluation skills actually utilized by junior high school teachers and, second, to identify differences among elementary, junior, and senior high school teachers. A questionnaire of 41 statements assessed on a five-point scale the usefulness to…

This booklet outlines a framework for defining and measuring equity in state school finance and tax structures. The framework focuses on two groups: children, who receive educational services, and taxpayers, who pay for those services. Discussed are the different measures of equity for children and taxpayers, the values inherent in those measures,…

This study examines various factors that influence school district spending and spending from locally raised taxes in Colorado and Minnesota. The factors include the levels of state and federal aid; the nature of the state general aid formula; local fiscal characteristics including the average market value of residential housing, the percent of…

The tables in this report summarize each state's revenues and expenditures for 1977. Information presented for each state includes per capita amounts of financial items; relation of finances to personal income; revenue by source; expenditure by character and object and by type and function; intergovernmental expenditure by type of receiving…