Reviews some theories and experiences on interactions between higher education and societal development in developing countries. Explores whether higher education engineers societal change or adjusts to global requirements. Concludes that it responds to both dynamics. (EV)

Describes the Global Development Learning Network (GDLN), a satellite-driven global communication system developed by the World Bank to help developing countries fight poverty and share in a global exchange of information. Explains Distance Learning Centers that are used by private and public organizations and institutions for distance education…

Traces the development of education in colonial societies and educational policies in postcolonial nations, showing trends toward greater inequalities. Concludes that curriculum should focus less on empirical/analytical and practical/social knowledge and more on critical emancipatory knowledge. (SK)

Describes a study that used bibliometrics to examine botanical research activity in India. The findings discussed include the growth of botanical literature, authorship patterns and collaborative research, important research centers and their rankings, journals preferred by Indian botanists, subfields of research, and the applicability of…

Discusses the historical, social, cultural, economic, and political connections that make the struggles of the people of South Africa, Nicaragua, and El Salvador relevant to the lives of Black people in the United States. Considers the U.S. government's role with respect to each of these countries. (DMM)

The evidence that teachers' salaries are relatively high in less developed countries is not an indication that these salaries are "above market conditions" in these same countries. International comparisons provide a base indicator for differences across 27 countries in education costs relative to per capita income. Includes 11…

Discusses how training should be conducted to turn out graduates who can have an impact on the pace of agricultural development in developing countries. (JOW)

Describes a study that illustrates the lack of bibliographic control of scientific research in Nigeria and discusses the causes underlying this situation. The formation of a national bibliographic association to coordinate bibliographic activities in Nigeria and solicit funding from international organizations is suggested. (CLB)

Describes the historical development of production schools, which combine education with productive, income-generating work; their organization; educational principles (substitution, reduction, accentuation); and future prospects. (SK)

This article emphasizes the importance of environmental education for small island states and examines some of the prerequisites for its successful development. Discusses the difficulties of developing cross-curricular interdisciplinary educational programmes with the environment as an integrating theme, and reviews of a number of responses to…

An evaluation strategy in which a set of process indicators is applied to programs to reduce maternal mortality in developing countries is presented. The four-stage strategy is illustrated for three interventions: (1) providing safe abortion services; (2) increasing knowledge of obstetric complications; and (3) improving medical care quality. (SLD)

Examines comprehensive ethnographic studies of enculturation among indigenous peoples to illustrate the processes of indigenous education as compared to modern formal systems of education. Suggests that indigenous education provides a simple and elegant alternate solution to the problem of student alienation. (JOW)

Examines the plight of environmental refugees and the adequacy of political responses to the situation. Discusses the consequences of accelerated environmental change, particularly the impact of global warming on human migration. (LZ)

The Grassroots Gender Empowerment Movement in Sierra Leone is a gender-focused program of small enterprise development and revolving loans that has brought a degree of economic independence, community development, gender awareness, improved living conditions, and empowerment to the women involved. (JOW)

Looks at the increasing rate of illiteracy in developing countries and the role of family literacy programs in combating the trend. Describes family literacy programs as different from traditional literacy programs in that they are designed to maximize the probability that adults will succeed in transferring their new beliefs, attitudes,…