Assesses traditional and nontraditional full-time undergraduates on five personal dimensions, two learning dimensions, and two collegiate goals. Results reveal that significant predictors were generally the same for both groups of students. Further reveals that nontraditional students and females had higher GPAs and greater career decidedness.…

A study compared the characteristics of 119 HIV-infected persons with mental retardation to those of 8,175 HIV-infected persons in New Jersey. Compared to others, individuals with mental retardation were more likely to be female, Black, and have injection drug use as a route of infection. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

Norwegian students (N=9,679), grades 7-12, were followed in order to determine which variables may account for gender differences in self-reported suicide attempts. Gender differences in previous suicide attempts were significantly reduced when depression was controlled, and was no longer significant when eating disorders were considered. No…

Compared sexual risk behavior of female athletes and nonathletes. Examined mediation, reverse mediation, spurious effects, and moderated causal models, using as potential mediators physical development, educational aspirations, self-esteem, attitudes toward pregnancy, involvement in a romantic relationship, age, ethnicity, and social class. Found…

The purposes of this review were to: outline literature on negative treatment outcomes of behavioral parent training programs; detail variables found to be predictive of negative treatment outcomes; and suggest future directions of study. It is suggested that despite studies documenting positive outcomes of behavioral parent training programs,…

This study evaluates the ability of the hopelessness theory of depression's etiological chain to account for this relation in a sample of 297 undergraduates. Results indicated that emotional, but not physical or sexual, maltreatment was uniquely related to average levels of suicidal ideation across a 2.5-year follow-up. (Author)

A study examined phonological awareness in 17 children with Down syndrome (ages 9-14). Children demonstrated measurable levels of phonological awareness. Significant positive correlations were found among phonological awareness and reading and spelling competence, and ability to spell non-words and non-verbal measures. (Contains references.)…

A study involving 47 families of individuals (ages 4-34) with autism and severe mental retardation found the familial loading for autism and for the broader phenotype was closely comparable to that in a study of children with higher IQ autism, and different from that for children with Down syndrome. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

Discusses empirical studies conducted between 1950 and 1970 examining the relations between psychological characteristics of students and subsequent high school dropout. Results clarified some methodological requirements for research on school completion and suggested that social and emotional variables explain some of the variance in school…

Explored sixth graders' sexual behavior and behavior intentions, analyzing health-related risk behaviors and constructs from social support and social cognitive theories based on race and gender regarding their predictive value for students having sexual intercourse. Survey data indicated that very few students had sexual intercourse or other high…

Tests of phonology, semantics, and syntax were administered to 52 preschool children (ages 4-6) with speech sound disorders. Language impairment at school-age (ages 8-11) related to poor performance on preschool tests of syntax and nonsense word repetition, while reading impairment was predicted by poor performance in all preschool test domains.…

A study of 41 students who had special education histories and who were recommended for expulsion found most students exhibited additional emotional and behavioral risk factors or were experiencing stressful family circumstances. Conduct problems that accompanied disabling conditions were likely to lead to full expulsion hearings or dismissal from…

Argues that the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) should be discarded in college admissions since quality of the student's high school curriculum is a better predictor of college graduation and is the only factor that educators can modify. Also addresses concerns about the SAT and race, and the effort to identify student "strivers" whose…

Meta-analysis of the A-not-B error was conducted, using logistic regression, on studies conducted before September 1997. Results replicated earlier findings, with exception that the number of trials at the A location was a significant predictor, and the number of locations was a significant predictor of the proportion of infants who searched…

The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether hardiness can be used by student affairs professionals to identify students (N=63) having difficulties with academic, social, emotional, and attachment adjustment. Results show that hardiness is associated with better adjustment and hardiness appears to be a better predictor of mental than physical…