A study investigated the mortality rates of 1,812 California clients with developmental disabilities transferred from institutions into community care in 1996. Results indicate there were 36 deaths, an 88% increase in risk-adjusted mortality over that expected in institutions. Mortality was greatest among the highest-functioning persons.…

Investigated links between maternal employment, marital satisfaction, and fathers' parenting during their child's infancy. Found that fathers whose wives worked part time or less were more sensitive and responsive when more involved in caregiving; men whose wives worked full time showed more negative affect and behavior when more involved in child…

Assessed exit status of older Missouri youths leaving out-of-home care. Found that most exited in unplanned ways, without employment or high school diploma. The most common living arrangement was with relatives. The number of placements and high school completion predicted employment status. High school completion or noncompletion was associated…

This study investigated influences on employee self-efficacy of computer technologies resulting from computer-training programs that were intended to meet individual and organization objectives for university personnel. Influences on the transfer of training process included previous computer training, computer-use requirements, computer-use…

Examined third and sixth graders' depression, anxiety, and perceived academic competence every six months for three years. Found that compared to teachers' ratings, boys overestimated and girls underestimated competence. Gender differences emerged in fourth/fifth grade, increasing through eighth grade. Controlling for depression and anxiety…

Examined factors predicting parenting behavior of adolescent mothers of 24-month olds in a family-support program. Found that teens providing higher quality care had more positive childrearing beliefs, were less psychologically distressed, perceived their children as less irritable, and lived in higher quality neighborhoods than those providing…

The effect of personality similarity on compatibility and conflict was studied among roommate pairs. Self-reported data were collected for frequency of conflict, liking, personality measures, "morningness," choice vs. assigned, length of rooming together, length of relationship, and socioeconomic variables. Although some variables show…

Subjects diagnosed "extremely dangerous" and given psychological treatment during placement in an institution for adjudicated juvenile delinquents (N=44) were followed after release. Findings regarding recidivism, crime, and violence are reported. Prediction of future violence is discussed; the effectiveness of psychological intervention…

Study assessed the contribution of physical abuse to increased risk for suicidal behaviors in physically abused adolescents compared with non-abused adolescents. Significant predictors of scores on the instrument used included parent and adolescent psychopathology, poor academic performance, and decreased family cohesiveness. Physical abuse was a…

A study of 70 children found that hearing levels at 12-18 months were significantly associated with speech delay and low language outcomes at 3 years of age. Significant and substantial effects of hearing levels at 12-18 months on speech status at 3 years were significantly mediated by language status at 3 years. (Contains extensive references.)…

Examined the relationship between language and cognitive development and emotional-behavioral problems (measured concurrently and at a 5- and 17-month follow-up) in 680 nonreferred 4-year-olds from financially-disadvantaged families. Found that language delays were significantly related to emotional-behavioral problems. When cognitive differences…

Reports on a national sample of adults (N=2,592) surveyed on the association between adult depression and childhood parental divorce. Results suggest that parental divorce may disrupt a person's life course and create lifelong consequences for their well being, by lowering socioeconomic status and increasing problems in interpersonal…

Proposes a systematic approach that focuses on student success and continual improvement in retention to assess college student retention programs Identifies three major components of retention research: (1) determining dropout predictors; (2) identifying critical points; and (3) validating outcomes assessment of retention endeavors. Also…

This baccalaureate origins study examined the relationship between an institution's resources and its production of women (African American, Hispanic, or White) who later earned doctorates. Findings suggest that the baccalaureate origins of women doctorates cannot be linked exclusively to the undergraduate institution's resources, but are also…

Observed 18- to 30-month-olds' use of force against peers. Found no sex differences in average aggression levels or in mothers' aggression ratings. Rate of hitting peers and mothers' ratings were stable over 6 months for girls only. Toddlers especially sensitive to peers' possible intentions hit peers more and were more likely than to use force…