Investigated predictors of success in organic chemistry and how well freshmen chemistry predicts grades in other science courses (biology and physics) and success in entering medical school. Subjects were 254 freshman enrolling in freshman chemistry at Columbia College (the all-male undergraduate division of Columbia University) in 1978. (JN)

Examines generally high life satisfaction of 58 elderly reservation American Indians and its relationship to selected internal and external environmental factors. Suggests that internal environmental variables may be useful indicators of life satisfaction and that subjective measures of life satisfaction may be more predictive of mental health…

Examined predictors of college students' school-to-work transition difficulty, level of occupational knowledge, and crystallization of vocational self-concept. Occupational knowledge predicted whether students received at least one job offer before graduation and the total number of offers. Self-concept crystallization predicted at least one…

Descriptions varying sex and sex role of job applicants were rated by 605 respondents for suitability for four sex-typed jobs. Results show sex role by job type interaction. A pattern in which sex roles and sex complement each other is noted and interpreted in the context of the positive perception of androgynous applicants in sex role literature.…

Delineates the adjustment problems children experienced as a result of their separation from the father and identifies the predicting variables affecting successful adjustment to father's incarceration. Ability of the children to adjust successfully to father's imprisonment was related to familial and personal resources of the mother and to the…

Focuses on consulting with teachers about using school-based interventions for control and prevention of learning and adjustment problems. Describes four factors that have been linked to teachers' decisions to utilize and to continue utilizing an intervention: effectiveness, time and resources required, theoretical orientation of the intervention,…

Examined variables thought to affect handicapped college students' extracurricular activities: projection of negative feelings, substitution of time, prior experience in activities, and severity of handicap. Results indicated the independent variables did not demonstrate any significant relationship to the dependent variable. (Author/ABB)

Four contingency theories of leadership are explored and contrasted. Predictions of leader types and leader behaviors that would follow from each are counterposed. External functions of the leader and interactions with organizational members who are not subordinates are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Presents results of a study to evaluate a model that indicates which factors are most important in predicting performance in engineering graduate programs. Variables tested include honors won, undergraduate grade point, full/part time student, age, marital status, children, undergraduate institution excellence, and two levels of work experience.…

The incidence and continuity of smoking and drinking, precursory social-behavioral characteristics of smokers and drinkers, and life conditions related to smoking and drinking are described. Part of an extensive Finnish longitudinal study of social development, the original sample consisted of eight-year-old subjects. Follow-up studies were made…

Examined the relationship between depression and marital disruption in 637 Anglos and 551 Mexican Americans. Results indicated increased symptoms associated with divorce in Anglos and separation in Mexican Americans. Low educational attainment was the most consistent predictor of depression for all ethnic samples. Appendix includes the Depression…

Examined the relationship between the congruency of person and environment, and satisfaction with college in 150 students who completed the College and Unviersity Environment Scale, Personality Research Form, and College Student Satisfaction Questionniare. Results showed environment had a stronger relationship than person-environment congruency.…

Examined the influence of six personality factors on the relationship between social support and symptoms of psychological distress in students (N=139). Results indicated a significant interaction between extraversion and social support; extraverts showed a substantially heightened sensitivity to social support variations. (LLL)

The research on effective learning is reviewed in order to illustrate changes in how learning processes are understood. Using this research, the cognitive functions of effective learners are described and the implications for the characteristics, and functions of effective learning training programs are discussed. (Author/MLW)