Observes the seating arrangements by sex of three or more people seated at rectangular tables in 176 social and 150 nonsocial settings. Postulates the importance of situational context and learned sexual norms in the observed spatial behaviors. (RL)

To promote more active participation by students in physical education classes, teachers must be aware of approaches to teaching such as: change methodologies to suit students' needs; streamline management techniques; analyze behavior; measure physical activity; revise curriculum; modify games and activities; and teach to challenge students in the…

Reviews research relating to whether the socialization effects of interscholastic athletics retard delinquent behavior, particularly among high school students. Suggests that more testing and appraisal of high school athletics programs should be encouraged. (Author/DB)

The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory was found to be a suitable instrument for repeated assessment of athletes in a competitive sports environment. (MM)

This study concludes that school value climates do not influence the relationship between sport participation and educational aspiration. (MM)

Describes Milgram's experiments in which individuals (assigned the role of "teacher") obeyed instructions to administer what they thought were severe electric shocks to "learners," and reports criticisms of the findings. Concludes that the experiments were sound and that they demonstrate that morality is situation-related…

A central concern of teacher education research should be the quality of life it articulates. (JD)

Discusses new research which suggests a need for a model integrating all the various approaches to the study of nonverbal cues. (MH)

Evaluates the extent to which mutual regulation occurs in mother-infant interactions by assessing the relationship of their affective and attentional involvement. (MH)

Outlines a study which examines adult interpretations of infant nonverbal behavior. Contends that negative nonverbal emotions are more likely to be attributed to male infants, and positive nonverbal emotions are more often attributed to female infants. (MH)

It is argued that behavior genetics should be part of social policy deliberations because behavior genetics studies can reveal which traits are more influenced by shared environments and thus are most malleable through environmental change. This is of particular interest in the case of IQ. (SLD)

Findings from three studies show that effective leaders have greater behavioral complexity and fill multiple roles better than ineffective leaders; listening skills are key to effective leadership; there are no gender differences in emerged leadership; and although task-relevant communication is important to leadership, other research indicates…

Reviews speeches by former APA presidents to follow the historical development of psychology to its present status as an accepted science and profession. Discusses the nature of psychology as a discipline, science, and profession. Considers problems in the field and possible societal benefits from field research. (JS)