Findings from 84 interns from 32 nationwide training sites revealed that cognitive-behavioral supervisors were perceived to be in consultant role and to focus on skills and strategies more than were humanistic, psychodynamic, and existential supervisors, who were perceived more as using relationship model, playing therapist role, and focusing on…

Randomly assigned 20 patients with irritable bowel syndrome to intensive, individualized cognitive therapy or to daily gastrointestinal symptom monitoring. Pre- to posttreatment evaluations showed significantly greater gastrointestinal symptom reduction for those receiving cognitive therapy than for those in symptom monitoring. At posttreatment,…

Evaluated prevention approaches for young adults (n=36) at risk for alcohol problems. Subjects were randomly assigned to cognitive-behavioral alcohol skills training, didactic alcohol information program, or assessment only. Found significant reduction over one year in alcohol consumption for total sample; directional findings consistently favored…

Assigned 45 rape victims with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to stress inoculation training (SIT), prolonged exposure (PE), supportive counseling, or wait-list. All conditions produced improvements on PTSD symptoms, rape-related distress, general anxiety, and depression. SIT produced significantly more improvement on PTSD symptoms than did…

Members (N=499) of the American Mental Health Counselors Association were surveyed to identify persuasion and influence tactics that they utilize in their practice. Techniques reported were metaphors, noting negative consequences, pointing out benefits or rewards, using reasoning, evaluating oneself to an ideal self, and modeling. The effects of…

An intervention project introduced metacognition techniques to compensate for educational deficiencies in young adults. The project, based on the Instrumental Enrichment cognitive training program, led to improvement in students' motivation, awareness of their own learning strategies, more rapid and sustained academic progress, and increased…

Examines the impact of a campaign-related video aimed at discouraging various forms of sexual intimidation. Results based on 198 students revealed several Communication x Sex interactions, suggesting that certain messages may inadvertently foster boys' positive evaluations of macho behavior, strengthening their ideas that coerced sex can be…

Examines whether cognitive restructuring (CR) contributes to treatment efficacy and investigates its mode of action for therapeutic effects. Results, based on 60 persons with generalized social phobia, indicate that CR reduced social phobia and negative social cognitions and increased positive cognitions. CR did not enhance the effects of…

Describes a treatment package for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The components of the Kit, which uses whole-classroom reinforcement, are categorized into three areas and the empirical rationale for each component is discussed. Presents a case study of a six-year-old girl with reported disruptive behavior problems. (RJM)

Reviews the social sciences literature and reports on the interventions used by professionals and policymakers to reduce school violence, in addition to the effectiveness of the interventions. Recommendations consistent with social work principles are made for social workers concerned with school violence. (JPS)

Meta-analyses were performed on 12 studies of treatment with sex offenders (n=1,313). A small, but robust, overall effect size was found for treatment versus comparison conditions. Cognitive-behavioral and hormonal treatments were significantly more effective than behavioral treatments but were not significantly different from each other. (JPS)

Examines the effectiveness of short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy with probationary and incarcerated offenders (N=107). Results showed significant changes on a Buss-Durkee guilt scale for probationary offenders, and significant changes in verbal hostility and resentment for incarcerated offenders. (JPS)

Successful teaching in urban schools requires identifying the powerful prejudicial forces that are part of the way many educators think and communicate about students from diverse backgrounds. This article describes how student teachers were assisted in reflecting upon six prejudicial mindsets that are commonly expressed by teachers who are…

This critical analysis of the scaffolding metaphor for the field of learning disabilities first reviews the origins and early applications of the metaphor and criticisms of the metaphor raised by others. It proposes an enriched version of the metaphor which emphasizes the communicational dynamics and conceptual reorganization involved in…

Examines the therapeutic and cultural factors related to effective substance-abuse treatment for Asian-American adolescents. Discusses recommendations for developing effective and culturally competent treatment service for minority populations. Presents three effective and culturally appropriate treatment models: Psychosocial, Community Treatment,…