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Direct linkRothbart, Mary K.; Posner, Michael I. – New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2005
The executive attention network is involved in regulating emotions and cognitions, forming a neural basis for temperamental self-regulation. New brain imaging and molecular genetics methods can enhance our understanding of common mechanisms of self-regulation and individual differences in their expression.
Descriptors: Neurology, Genetics, Individual Differences, Preschool Education
Aparicio, P.; Diedrichsen, J.; Ivry, R.B. – Brain and Cognition, 2005
Studies of basal ganglia dysfunction in humans have generally involved patients with degenerative disorders, notably Parkinson's disease. In many instances, the performance of these patients is compared to that of patients with focal lesions of other brain structures such as the cerebellum. In the present report, we studied the performance of…
Descriptors: Patients, Neurology, Psychomotor Skills, Self Efficacy
Bandopadhyay, Rina; Kingsbury, Ann E.; Cookson, Mark R.; Reid, Andrew R.; Evans, Ian M.; Hope, Andrew D.; Pittman, Alan M.; Lashley, Tammaryn; Canet-Aviles, Rosa; Miller, David W.; McLendon, Chris; Strand, Catherine; Leonard, Andrew J.; Abou-Sleiman, Patrick M.; Healy, Daniel G.; Ariga, Hiroyashi; Wood, Nicholas W.; de Silva, Rohan; Revesz, Tamas; Hardy, John A.; Lees, Andrew J. – Brain, 2004
Two mutations in the DJ-1 gene on chromosome1p36 have been identified recently to cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. As no information is available regarding the distribution of DJ-1 protein in the human brain, in this study we used a monoclonal antibody for DJ-1 to map its distribution in frontal cortex and substantia…
Descriptors: Diseases, Brain, Neurology, Neurological Impairments
Wilson, Donald A.; Fletcher, Max L.; Sullivan, Regina M. – Learning & Memory, 2004
Olfactory perceptual learning is a relatively long-term, learned increase in perceptual acuity, and has been described in both humans and animals. Data from recent electrophysiological studies have indicated that olfactory perceptual learning may be correlated with changes in odorant receptive fields of neurons in the olfactory bulb and piriform…
Descriptors: Perception, Nonverbal Learning, Biochemistry, Neurology
Swant, Jarod; Wagner, John J. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Dopamine has been demonstrated to be involved in the modulation of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. As monoamine transporter blockade will increase the actions of endogenous monoamine neurotransmitters, the effect of a dopamine transporter (DAT) antagonist on LTP was assessed using field excitatory postsynaptic…
Descriptors: Animals, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurology, Biochemistry
Willis, Judy – Phi Delta Kappan, 2007
Neurological research has discovered much about how the brain works, Dr. Willis writes, but educators need to be cautious when applying this research to teaching. Following a brief explanation of the three most important technological advances in brain research (Positron Emission Tomography, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Quantitative…
Descriptors: Brain, Neurological Organization, Teaching Methods, Stimuli
Voss, Joel L.; Paller, Ken A. – Learning & Memory, 2007
During episodic recognition tests, meaningful stimuli such as words can engender both conscious retrieval (explicit memory) and facilitated access to meaning that is distinct from the awareness of remembering (conceptual implicit memory). Neuroimaging investigations of one type of memory are frequently subject to the confounding influence of the…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Neurology, Correlation, Familiarity
Biedenkapp, Joseph C.; Rudy, Jerry W. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Contextual fear conditioning was maintained over a 15-day retention interval suggesting no forgetting of the conditioning experience. However, a more subtle generalization test revealed that, as the retention interval increased, rats showed enhanced generalized fear to an altered context. Preexposure to the training context prior to conditioning,…
Descriptors: Intervals, Conditioning, Fear, Generalization
Eidelberg, David – Brain and Language, 2007
In recent years a number of multivariate approaches have been introduced to map neural systems in health and disease. In this review, we focus on spatial covariance methods applied to functional imaging data to identify patterns of regional activity associated with behavior. In the rest state, this form of network analysis can be used to detect…
Descriptors: Diseases, Network Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Multivariate Analysis
Rolls, Edmund T. – Learning & Memory, 2007
A quantitative computational theory of the operation of the CA3 system as an attractor or autoassociation network is described. Based on the proposal that CA3-CA3 autoassociative networks are important for episodic or event memory in which space is a component (place in rodents and spatial view in primates), it has been shown behaviorally that the…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain, Neurological Organization, Neurology
Dale, J. Alexander; Hyatt, Janyce; Hollerman, Jeff – Journal of Aesthetic Education, 2007
The neural processes of a person comprehending or creating music have intrigued neuroscientists and prompted them to examine the processing of information and emotion with some of the most recent and sophisticated techniques in the brain sciences (see, for example, Zatorre and his colleagues' work). These techniques and the excitement of studying…
Descriptors: Dance, Neurology, Neurological Impairments, History
Miller, Anita – Brain and Cognition, 2007
The social neuroscience of child and adolescent depression is inherently multidisciplinary. Depressive disorders beginning early in life can have serious developmental and functional consequences. Psychopathology research has described depression's defining clinical and contextual features, and intervention research has characterized its response…
Descriptors: Psychopathology, Depression (Psychology), Children, Adolescents
Snyder, Joel S.; Alain, Claude – Psychological Bulletin, 2007
Auditory stream segregation (or streaming) is a phenomenon in which 2 or more repeating sounds differing in at least 1 acoustic attribute are perceived as 2 or more separate sound sources (i.e., streams). This article selectively reviews psychophysical and computational studies of streaming and comprehensively reviews more recent…
Descriptors: Acoustics, Auditory Perception, Literature Reviews, Neurology
Kurowski, Kathleen M.; Blumstein, Sheila E.; Palumbo, Carole L.; Waldstein, Robin S.; Burton, Martha W. – Brain and Language, 2007
The present study investigated the articulatory implementation deficits of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasics and their potential neuroanatomical correlates. Five Broca's aphasics, two Wernicke's aphasics, and four age-matched normal speakers produced consonant-vowel-(consonant) real word tokens consisting of [m, n] followed by [i, e, a, o, u]. Three…
Descriptors: Phonemes, Neurology, Speech Language Pathology, Aphasia
Petitto, Laura-Ann – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2009
We discuss the fruits of educational neuroscience research from our laboratory and show how the typical maturational timing milestones in bilingual language acquisition provide educators with a tool for differentiating a bilingual child experiencing language and reading delay versus deviance. Further, early schooling in two languages…
Descriptors: Neurology, Monolingualism, Brain, Reading Instruction
