This book contains the formal presentations and discussions of a public forum organized by the National Academy of Sciences and held in February 1975. The topics discussed include informed consent by the research subject based on a full explanation of what will be done, the workings of the process, and the potential risks and benefits; research on…

The Human Resources Research Office (HumRRO) has undertaken research and development activities to improve Army training. Factors involved in the Army climate for training research relate to the structural characteristics of the Army itself. The several kinds of effort and the wide variety of subject matter covered by HumRRO for the Army include…

Current and projected manpower shortages within the field of mental health suggest a greater role for paraprofessionals. But, without careful evaluation and precise training, added manpower will not solve any of the problems facing psychology in overcoming the limits to the delivery of services. These two papers review several attempts to evaluate…

Only by examining the motion picture as a mass medium, shaped and defined within a specific socio-cultural period in history, can we increase our understanding of the function and contribution of this entertainment form. This paper offers several suggestions for further research into early motion picture history. One glaring deficiency among…

The primary purpose of this study was to determine empirically whether an individual's cognitive style differentially influences his hypothesizing behavior within a relatively simple information processing task. A characteristic of cognitive style explored is the manner in which an individual perceives and analyzes a stimulus configuration;…

Thirty-six students at a continuation high school were identified as predelinquents and selected as subjects on the basis of their poor attendance and academic records. Pretreatment and posttreatment data were collected on the following variables: attendance figures and academic credits. Following preliminary assessment, the subjects were randomly…

This study examined possible relationships between the analytic/global dimension of cognitive style, as defined by Davis and Klausmeier (1970) and measured by the Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), and two modes of instruction varying in the level of guidance provided the learner. Sixty Anglo subjects (eight and nine years old), identified…

Selective attention was assessed in second, fourth, and sixth grade reflective and impulsive children with an incidental learning task using pictures (animal-household object pairs) or shapes (colored forms) as stimuli. By the sixth grade, reflective children displayed less incidental learning and greater central learning than impulsive children…

The purpose of this paper was to show how women medical students are socialized into their student role. The sample group was made up of 24 groups of six medical students, up to half of whom were women. The data were collected from responses to a questionnaire administered to the members of each group at the beginning of the semester and again at…

One of the major studies conducted by the Consortium involved examining the inter-relationships of various aspects of teacher and student classroom functioning to determine what happens to a particular class of teacher or student behavior as the quantity and/or quality of other aspects of classroom interaction change. This examination occurred in…

Following the reasoning of "expectation states theory", the present study was designed to answer three questions: (1) Is the task orientation of males and females different when they work on a task together? (2) Is the task orientation of males and females working on a task, separately, different? and, (3) If there are differences, will status…

A counseling analogue study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a method for changing clients' self-perceptions in an interview. Based on causal attribution theory, an interview procedure was designed to systematically control behavioral information assumed to be utilized by individuals in inductively arriving at views of their…

Eighty-eight males and females participated in one of three affect inducing conditions which involved reading neutral, depression, or elation statements. Subjects in the depression condition, in contrast to the elation group, reported themselves to be more depressed, anxious, and hostile, were less expansive in graphic expression and less likely…

The conventional paradigm for testing expectancy theory predictions of work behavior has been to correlate expectancy-value reports with concurrent measures of motivation and performance. Although this static, two-variable approach has typically yielded statistically significant results, correlations have not been sizable. This study, using a…

Five- to seven-year-old second-born children from white, middle-class, intact families were the subjects for this study. Older siblings served as role model for each child, and the parent surrogate models were selected from a pool and trained to act as the child's real parent. The imitation task emphasized verbal, postural, and motor responses of…