This paper presents the major results of a study for the American Cancer Society on cigarette smoking among teen-age girls and young women, and findings relevant to the prevention and quitting of smoking. The four major trends found in this study are: (1) a dramatic increase in cigarette smoking among females; (2) an intellectual awareness of the…

This paper presents theory concerning the relationships between reliability, misinformation and item discrimination coefficients. It is shown that, to the extent that misinformation rather than ignorance causes examinees to miss multiple-choice items, higher item discrimination coefficients and lower difficulty indices may be expected. Data were…

This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of a one and a half hour workshop on changing attitudes toward women. The subjects were 34 counselors who attended a workshop entitled "Intervention Strategies for Modifying Sex Stereotypes." The 27-item alternate forms were devised out of the full scale 55-item Attitudes Toward Women Scale and…

This paper discusses work on hypnotic amnesia as a paradigm of laboratory induced state-specific memory. Earlier research on sleep-specific learning and learning in varied states of consciousness is reviewed. Posthypnotic amnesia is viewed as an effective method of studying state-specific recall of episodic experiences. It is noted that highly…

This is the first stage of a research project concerned with the various ways in which parents perceive and categorize children's behavior and the effect this perception may have on parental reaction to such behavior. The present study compared the various ways in which mothers and fathers perceptually categorize the behavior of girls and boys. A…

This paper investigated whether children can learn to cooperate under minimal social conditions. The research also compares the effectiveness of verbal instructions and a training task for teaching subjects the "win-stay/lose-change" rule. This rule has been used to explain the development of cooperation in the minimal social situation. Subjects…

Twenty western and northern districts, 10 larger and 10 smaller than Seattle, were surveyed to determine the degree of responsibility of the Personnel Departments in selected functions in the following areas: (1) Certificated Staff, (2) Classified Staff, (3) Records and Payroll, (4) Salary Administration, and (5) Negotiations. Information was also…

The present investigation looked at selective attention in impulsive and reflective children using a central/incidental task similar to that used by Hagen, 1967. In order to examine developmental change in selective attention, children at kindergarten, second, and fifth grades were tested. The central recall task involved presenting the child with…

Counseling center directors at colleges in the state of Maryland were asked to rate the importance of several selected functions of their counseling centers. The functions rated were: (1) psychological problem counseling; (2) reading and study skills assistance; (3) testing; (4) academic advisement; (5) college orientation; (6) evening student…

The report summarizes and lists vocational education research projects conducted by State research coordinating units (RCU) for the second six months of fiscal year 1974 under Section 131(b) of Part C of the Vocational Education Amendments of 1968. Arranged alphabetically by State, the entries list State directors of vocational education and State…

Horner's study of the motive to avoid success (Ms) was replicated on fifth through eleventh grade males and females. Ss were given a TAT-like measure of Ms and a measure of sex role identity. They also performed a series of tasks in competitive and non-competitive conditions. No sex differences or clear age trends in Ms imagery were found;…

This document contains the reports of research at a symposium on "Altered States of Consciousness and Alcohol." The participants primarily agreed that alcohol induces an altered state of consciousness similar to other drugs, but that this phenomenon has not been explicitly stated due to the current interest in newer and more novel drugs. The…

This report presents the rationale for the Stanford Project on Academic Governance and a survey of the topics investigated in the project, the methodology used, and some of the conclusions reached. The project's specific objectives were to describe some major developments in academic governance and to apply sociological organization theory to…

The report opens with an outline of the history and goals of the Cornell Institute for Occupational Education and describes the institute and its financial resources for the year 1973-74. The listing of research and development projects is grouped in relation to the four institute goals: (1) to conduct and sponsor research and development projects…

The present study tested the "just world" hypothesis that a socially respectable person is more at fault in a crime in which he or she is the victim. It was assumed that the attitudinal similarity of a hypothetical juror to the victim and the defendant would make both the victim and the defendant more respectable. Employing a 2 (victim…