Compared 40 3-year-olds' superordinate level classification under 2 experimental conditions. Although there was no mean difference between the 2 conditions, there were striking differences in the distribution of scores. (RJC)

A numerical taxonomy of evaluation theory and practice is presented, based on responses by 14 leading evaluators to a two-page questionnaire. A multidimensional scaling analysis of results indicated that differences between evaluation theories are more complex and more divisive than are differences in evaluation practice. (TJH)

Studied individual differences in reactivity in 40 newborns. Measures of reactivity were related during the first two months of extrauterine life. (RJC)

Explores preferences for word-processed versus handwritten messages in an organizational setting. Identifies variables that affect preferences for written media: hierarchical level, message length, message complexity, anticipated reaction, communication task, need for documentation, and communication across work shifts. Shows that the cost control…

Relates the story of a ninth-grade student who worked to convince the school board to allow changes in policy to adapt to his best friend's strong reaction to bright lights which handicapped his friend's efforts to learn. Urges teachers to experiment with learning styles and add to the existing body of research. (SR)

Describes one approach to supervising novice clinical supervisors. The central feature is eight recurring issues: (1) supervisor anxiety; (2) intervention choices; (3) group cohesion; (4) responsibility; (5) parallel process; (6) power struggles; (7) individual differences; and (8) sexual attraction. Suggests that assessing and confronting these…

Several comparisons may be made between woodworkers and schoolteachers. Woodworkers are guided by their respect for a particular piece's individual characteristics. Teachers apply the same code of artistry to at-risk children with "knotholes"--characteristics caused by the tragedies in American society. These knotholes demand attention,…

Assessed preschoolers' moral motive strength or attribution of moral emotions to story characters. Also assessed temperamental inhibition and self-control. Children were provided with an opportunity to cheat when they felt they were unobserved. Results indicated that moral motive strength and inhibition predicted low cheating. (BC)

In response to Leonard (EC 600 867), the article suggests that Leonard's idea that many language-impaired children merely represent the low end of the normal distribution of language ability does not eliminate neuropathology as one possible primary cause of language impairment. (Author/DB)

Studies of decision-making preferences indicated by 136 deputy principals in Catholic schools in Western Australia. Results pointed to several underlying factors (policy, discipline, economic variables, teaching load, parental involvement, and time allocation), each with a different decision-making style influenced by respondents' personal skills…

Presents a simple scheme, based on formal categories, for coding stylistic variation in the early lexicon. When applied to the first 50 and 100 words of 12 children between 0;11 and 2;3, the major dimensions of difference are found to be the relative proportion of common nouns and the relative proportion of frozen phrases. (31 references) (GLR)

The difference in effect on power of restriction of range between treatments under experimental control and categories formed from examinee (individual differences) variables is discussed. Conditions under which there is loss or increase of power are explained. (SLD)

Asked students (n=139) seeking help at university counseling center what types of problems they experienced. Found few differences between help seekers with career concerns and those without career concerns. Compared to non-help-seeking students (n=331), significantly more help seekers with career concerns indicated worrying about emotional…

Examined attention given in 185 studies to individual differences and empirical patterns of variability reported in studies presenting measures of dispersion (43 percent of gerontological studies reviewed and 24 percent of developmental studies reviewed). Most gerontological studies presenting data reported increases in variability with increasing…

Suggests that the implications of the conclusions of another article in this issue are critical to writing instruction, in that they relate to the nature of craft in writing and its relationship to current views of language development and learning. Offers specific instructional processes to address students' differing capabilities in processing…