This experiment compares the effects of group reactive inhibition therapy and group reciprocal inhibition therapy with no treatment on the anxiety level of test-anxious college students. Twenty undergraduate students volunteered for the study and were assigned to either the reactive inhibition group, the reciprocal inhibition group, or the…

A counseling analogue study was conducted to test the hypothesis that expertness will increase the freedom of an attractive interviewer to use different types of influence. It was predicted that only experts would obtain change with an impersonal appeal, while both experts and inexperts would be successful with a personal appeal. Opinion change…

In measuring personal attitudes toward drug users, it is important to minimize the fabrication of "socially desirable" responses. This drug attitude film was designed to reduce such fabrication by (1) presenting vivid stimuli that provoke strong feelings, (2) using oblique response scales, and (3) requiring quick responses. The author reviews the…

This study examined the effects of three variables on self-scoring accuracy and satisfaction with results on Holland's Self Directed Search. The sample consisted of 489 freshmen who took the SDS during orientation. The three independent variables were the test administrator's attitude toward the SDS (positive or neutral), the size of the group…

The B-K Parental Checklist, a series of statements pertaining to the development and behavior of children, was employed in obtaining information from parents regarding the social and intellectual competencies of their children. Data collected from the parents of a randomly selected group of 1,155 subjects, in each of three age groups (5-9, 10-12,…

The purpose of this study was to explore several urban field sites where youth programs are achieving some notoriety and to identify some factors contributing to success. A survey of literature on program development for urban areas was also included. It was hoped that such a search would reveal composites of common elements which would be helpful…

This paper defines a useful strategy for therapists working with adolescents which includes: (1) a general model of the group leader's responsibilities and (2) a cataloguing of some of the specific impediments for both adolescent peers and the therapist that prevent effective communication. The goal of the group therapy is to identify the specific…

This paper reports on a successful attempt to understand success avoidant motivation and behavior by the development of an empirically sophisticated scoring system of success avoidant motivation and the observation of its behavioral correlates and situational determinants. Like most of the work on achievement motivation, the study was carried out…

Two experiments investigated the role of children's spontaneous conceptual "biases" in pictorial discrimination learning. The results suggested that such biases may serve either to facilitate or to interfere with discrimination learning. Moreover, in each experiment, age by treatment interactions revealed that in comparison to the behavior of…

The explanatory cornerstone of most currently viable social theories is a strict cost-gain assumption. The clearest formal explication of this view is contained in subjective expected utility models (SEU), in which individuals are assumed to scale their subjective likelihood estimates of decisional consequences and the personalistic worth or…

The design of this study closely follows one by Broverman in order to test the applicability of results to graduate students in counseling and counselor education programs. Subjects were administered the Sex-Role Questionnaire; masculinity, femininity, and adult agreement and health scores were computed and compared by t-tests. Results indicated…

This paper examines sex and class differences in the style and circumstances of parental discipline of the child. Specifically, we have focused on Melvin Kohn's suggestive hypothesis that white collar parents stress the development of internal standards of conduct in their children and thus are more likely to discipline the child on the basis of…

An examination of attendance patterns of entering University of Minnesota freshmen over the past ten years indicates a remarkable stability in the percentage rates of student persistence. A comparison with other earlier data indicates that these rates have not changed in half a century even though the mission of the institution and the size of the…

In view of the cost and potential impact of guidance counselors, the New York State Office of Education Performance Review undertook this study to determine the actual role and function of guidance personnel, and the effectiveness of the counseling services they provide. The examination was based on the perceptions of counselors, parents,…

Cooperation among students is an instructional technique often cited as a constructive alternative to that used typically, namely interstudent competition. What is missing in the cooperation-competition literature is a clear explanation of why the two techniques should result in differential levels of student motivation. Expectancy theory is used…