This expanded edition of a 1982 book by Erik Erikson summarizes his work on the stages of the human life cycle, including chapters on psychosexuality and the cycle of generations, major stages in psychosocial development, and ego and ethos. An additional chapter on the ninth stage sets forth his philosophy on old age--i.e. the 80s and 90s--and how…

This book examines the important role of learning in maintaining the health, quality of life, and longevity of older adults. It includes results of the first comprehensive survey of adult learning in men and women over age 55. Chapter 1 focuses on aging, ageism, and issues raised by the graying of the population in what it calls the "Age" Age.…

This book contains a collection of current research in the development of speech perception and perceptual learning. The collection integrates research involving infants, young children, and adults, and explores systematically how adult perceptual abilities develop from early infant capabilities, focusing particularly on the nature of transitional…

A study examined youth expectations from their counterparts of the same age and sex, regarded as friends. Three different levels of friendship prevalent among 974 Polish adolescents (between 11 and 19 years of age) were compared: best friend, close friend, good friend. The research made use of "Friendship Scales" constructed by LaGaipa,…

Educators contribute to children's anxiety and pain when they fail to provide children with information about loss and death and ways of coping with loss and death. Children who are denied factual information about experiences of loss and death develop fantasies and misconceptions regarding the experiences and suffer more anxiety and pain than…

This paper helps to clarify the role of empirical evidence in psychological and epistemological theories. Following Galileo's idealization, epistemological theories do not describe the behavior of individuals in the real world. It is only when the "impediments" of the real subjects are gradually removed by experimental manipulation that…

This study tested 148 preschoolers between the ages of 48 and 72 months on a Piagetian number conservation task. Children's judgment accuracy, estimation, and response latency were measured. Children were also questioned about the number conservation principle. A four-step developmental sequence was hypothesized: (1) nonconservation; (2) correct…

Many human behaviors (e.g., cognitive, moral, and psychosocial) follow predictable developmental patterns or stages. The study reported examined the interpersonal development of 9- through 13-year-old children. A total of 282 children were administered the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation - Behavior Children (FIRO-BC) test to…

A written language learner must be given an environment that enables or fosters writing development. Unfortunately, the typical system of education and the learning strategies that are taught are at times the very things that deactivate, frustrate, and even pervert the writing program. In fact, some of the rules that student writers respond to are…

Suggesting that the concept of structure employed by political scientists in the analysis of belief systems is inadequate and misleading, the paper discusses Jean Piaget's concept of egocentrism as a theoretical alternative to belief systems analysis. The purpose of the paper is to provide political scientists with a short but comprehensive…

The first of three booklets in a series designed to help parents of handicapped children birth to 5 years old focuses on the communication process. A chart lists developmental milestones for both expressive and receptive language. Learning processes for communication (such as imitation, sensory knowledge, and memory) are reviewed. The bulk of the…

Although Kohlberg has stated that his moral reasoning theory is a refinement of Jean Piaget's and John Dewey's approaches, some educators have concluded that Kohlberg has misinterpreted Dewey's approach. However, the statement that Kohlberg is not of the Deweyan tradition seems unfounded. Actually, a thorough examination shows that numerous…

The Centennial School District in Warminster, Pennsylvania, implemented its Two-Year Developmental Kindergarten Program in order to provide education for children identified as "developmentally not ready" for traditional school placement. This document describes the kindergarten program and the process of identifying children for…

A longitudinal study investigated children's ability to infer, from initial and final relative numerosity information, which of four transformations of a stimulus array had occurred: addition, subtraction, expansion, or contraction. It was expected that performance would reflect a sequence of three levels in understanding the effects of addition…

The study examined the electrophysiologic organization of cognitive function in 12 normally achieving righthanded boys and 12 reading disabled third and sixth grade boys. Ss were administered reading comprehension and spelling recognition subtests from the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. Electroencephalography (EEG) scores were recorded for…