This paper studies the difference between deciders' uses of supplied and elicited considerations within the context of career evaluation. A sample of 20 first-year students rated 10 elicited career alternatives on five supplied and five personal constructs. Students indicated preferences between alternatives, when presented with 25 career pairs.…

Two studies were conducted that explored observers' perceptions of responsibility of a victim for her involvement in a premeditated crime. Male and female college students listened to tapes of a purported victim describing a crime (either a rape or a mugging). There was general tendency toward a sympathetic reaction pattern. (Author)

Counseling performances of undergraduates given nine weeks of systematic training in either human relations training or microcounseling and of subjects receiving, prior to posttest, brief specific instructions on how to counsel, were compared to the performance of a no-training control group. (Author)

Behavioral tracking observations of 14 adult male residents in a school for the mentally retarded were made in an enriched and deprived setting on the ward. (Author)

Three age groups in six occupational samples were tested on the SCII and their scale scores were examined for significant differences. Data indicates that interests generally are not different for people of different ages in the same occupation. (Author)

Research using the differential association theory has traditionally focused on a broad general conception of delinquent or criminal behavior. This research, however, examines Sutherland's theory as it applies to drug use as a specific delinquency type. Two distinct differential association processes are proposed to explain the genesis of drug…

A program of peer counselor training was conducted to evaluate the acquisition of counseling skills by older volunteers. Results indicate that the trained groups changed significantly compared to controls on two of the three core dimensions (empathy and warmth) and had scores on all three scales above the minimum necessary for effective…

Through Personal Orientation Inventory and questionnaire of behavior indices, the study contributed a description of extent of distress experienced by divorced or separated individuals. Data sources were 126 male and female participants in a nonprofit, self-help group providing guidance and support to divorced or separated members through…

Three interrelated aspects of fertility were investigated: existence of childbearing norms; strength of reinforcing social sanctions; and influence of social structural factors on incorporation of norms. Findings based on questionnaire data from 84 parent and nonparent couples were examined to evaluate utility of normative versus structural…

Study contrasts male-female behavior in official initiation and completion of divorce proceedings before and after implementation of "no-fault" divorce law. Passage of no-fault law was followed by reversal in male and female filing and completion patterns, with males filing and completing more frequently under "no-fault"…

Person-environment congruence as assessed by Holland's model of vocational preference was tested in a sample of 362 employees from five environmental typologies. The results indicate that congruent employees are significantly more satisfied with the job facet satisfaction measures than incongruent employees. (Author)

Directions for administering four major preschool instruments were analyzed to determine whether any basic concepts are included in the words spoken by the examiner. Inclusion of basic concepts in test directions may hinder a preschool child's understanding of what is expected of him (and possibly invalidate his scores). (Author)

Teacher verbalizations about children's classroom problems were studied as a function of medical-model or behavioral model cues. Medical-model or behavioral-model cues elicited descriptions of problem behavior congruent with their respective assumptions about human behavior. (Author)

This study questions whether social workers reflect a middle-class bias in establishing the standards by which they judge child neglect. Results suggest that a surprising unity of opinion exists among social workers, working-class mothers, and middle-class mothers in defining adequate child care. (Author)

Professionals must recognize that skill domains that go well beyond the usual intellective and cognitive professional-technical skill domain are vital to effective practice but are believed less possible and less appropriate to teach and evaluate. (Author)