Divorce has doubled in the last 10 years, leaving 20 percent of children in elementary school with divorced parents. Divorce is one of the major problems elementary school counselors will confront now and in the future. (Author)

Attempts to expand White's model of effectance motivation through a consideration of developmental implications. Considers such issues as developmental stages, environmental influences, success and failure effects, and perceived competence and control among others. (BD)

Analysis of primary process thinking of the same children at kindergarten level and at grade four revealed that amount of primary process thinking was relatively constant with development, contrary to predictions based on psychoanalytic theory. However, drive related ideation increased and formal deviations of thought decreased in quality and type…

The essays of 480 children from 6 to 14 years of age were content analyzed along 21 dimensions of friendship expectation. Results supported an invariant-sequence interpretation for the 11 dimensions which increased significantly with age. (Author/JMB)

Argues that five stages in the development of self concept can be recognized with a different type of self esteem being appropriate to each stage. The stages are: the dynamic self, self-as-object, self-as-knower, self-as-intergrated-whole, and the "selfless" self. (MS)

Free recall learning and organization were measured for third, seventh and eleventh grade children under conditions which varied the type and amount of task structure. (BD)

A hypothesized developmental sequence of agent use in pretending was tested in 36 infants between 14 and 24 months of age and was compared with the development of object permanence. (JMB)

A map-drawing task was used to test the effects of (1) presenting instruction at a cognitive level higher than that at which most of the students in the study were operating and of (2) presenting instruction to groups of students of differing cognitive levels. Subjects were 63 fifth grade students. (JMB)

Presents an integrative model, Adaptive Counseling and Therapy (ACT), for selecting a progression of therapist styles as clients move through developmental stages during the course of counseling and psychotherapy. ACT is intended to be useful to practitioners in case conceptualization and in the application of effective treatment planning.…

Development of cognitive processes and visual perception in 128 Down Syndrome (DS) children (ages 5 to 18) was compared to that of 162 nonhandicapped children (ages 3 to 8). Linear, rather than stepwise, relationships between performance and chronological age in the DS subjects and similar to normal visual perceptual development were found.…

Makes three points to address central issues in synthesis of cognitive, social, and emotional domains. Recommends thinking in stage terms as well as in contextual terms, clarifying levels in which questions are posed, and operating in a systems theory framework to make sense of social cognitive behavior. Suggests that individuals co-create social…

Articulatory generalization of velar cognates /k/, /g/ in two phonologically disordered young children was studied over time as a function of sequential word-morpheme position training. Results suggested that the view of the word-medial position as a unitary concept is an oversimplification. (Author/DB)

Investigated the influence of age and artistic inclination on the use of articulation and line quality in judging similarity and preference for simple human drawings. Children aged 4, 5, 10, and 13 years revealed articulation to be the primary criterion in similarity judgments. Preference patterns differed somewhat by age. (SKC)

Examines ways in which young children's decision making is affected by decision reversibility and decision importance. Results suggest that even young children are affected by manipulations of the decision situation, and that basic decision processes develop rapidly with age. (SKC)