Children from grades one through six judged commercially produced advertisements, specially produced "pseudocommercials," and verbal descriptions as better suited to advertise a feminine or masculine sex-typed toy. Comprehension of sex-typed connotations was predicted by home television viewing patterns but not by general knowledge of sex…

A random sample of recent graduates of the University of North Carolina one year after graduation examined the relationships between graduate characteristics and their perception of the extent of accomplishment of eight possible outcomes of their undergraduate experience. (MLW)

Offers a definition of visual literacy and outlines ideas for library activities that could help adults or students develop visual skills, highlighting materials, hardware, software, and programs. An annotated list of 59 print and nonprint resources (films, kits, books, teacher resources) is included. (EJS)

The extent to which college presidents and governing board chairmen agree on the relative importance of 20 presidential roles was studied. Institutional size and type were examined, and the results indicated general consensus between the two groups. (MSE)

Interviews with 74 older parents and with one each of their middle-aged children were conducted. Data were analyzed in terms of agreements and disagreements between parent and child and of perceived agreements and disagreements. Findings are discussed in terms of the developmental stake theory, a metaorientation, and asymmetry in the parent-child…

Surveyed instructors of public relations courses and found they emphasized a decision-making style for the public relations practitioner, one that combines elements of managerial roles with those of a communication technician. (PD)

Reviews studies of children's drawings and summarizes experiment which tested 5- to 11-year-olds for ability to execute color use differences and sensitivity to differences in heraldic, gradation, harmonic, and pure color use. It was found that children go from being completely unable to consistently able to produce appropriate differences. (MBR)

Two techniques for teaching French culture at the college level are presented, both using observation of occupational groups to discover certain cultural traits, values, and ways of life. One involves examination of stereotypes, and the other is a method of organizing slides for classroom discussion. (MSE)

Uses a videotape of two preschool children to investigate the influence of gender labeling adults' perception of aggression in children. The degree of aggression displayed by the target child was judged by 175 college students (139 females, 36 males). Four conditions were created by varying the gender label of both the target and the nonrated…

A study was conducted concerning the relationship between role preference and teaching effectiveness of home economics student teachers. During student teaching, student teachers became significantly more oriented to the roles of disciplinarian and referrer, although in order of preference these were the two least preferred roles. (CT)

Reviews literature on children up to age one to determine whether heart rate (HR) is a reliable, stable, and valid measure. Considers factors influencing resting HR and the Law of Initial Values, discusses information about response to stimulation and infant perception and affect obtained by using HR measures, and describes HR use in risk…

A study of British adolescents was conducted. Though no sex differences were found for personal adjustment, females experienced more conflict over sex-role issues. Subjects who experienced the highest levels of sex-role conflict also experienced more problems in personal adjustment when they perceived themselves as deficient in…

A K-12 visual arts program in Ontario, Canada, which used observational drawing to increase students' visual observation skills is described. Students had to observe and draw objects associated with intimate use, objects that were physically more distant and unfamiliar, and objects in the rural countryside. (RM)

Argues for the recognition of income maintenance as a specialized form of social service, and calls on the social work profession to assume a major role in its development. Discusses the role and training of the income maintenance worker, and reviews effects of the separation of the two professions. (JAC)

Two experiments investigated the accuracy of naive observers' judgments of behavior change. Observers accurately and reliably detected the change in subjects' behavior across time; the provision of a diagnostic label did not affect the accuracy of the observations. Implications of these findings for the assessment of counseling outcome are…