Mr. Hughes, Democratic Senator from Iowa, responded to President Nixon's message to the Congress of March 14, 1973, which included Administration proposals relating to the Federal system of criminal justice. (JB)

The need for public support of each nation's police force and law enforcement systems is cited. (JB)

The paper surveys the use of electric shock with persons diagnosed as primarily mentally retarded and substantiates findings of positive effects, including response generalisation, increased sociability, and positive emotional behaviors. Ethical considerations relating to physical danger and choice of target behaviour are discussed briefly.…

The purpose of this paper is to: (1) define suicide; (2) explicate Raymond Moody's position on suicide and survival after death; (3) analyze logical connections between divine commands and moral judgments; and (4) offer constructive comments on suicide and suicide prevention. (Author/RC)

This study finds no meaningful relationship between arrest rates and crime rates. It is concluded that earlier findings of a deterrence effect of law enforcement are unsupported. (Author/RLV)

Describes child abuse law in Korea. Discusses the incidence of child abuse in Korea and suggests precautionary measures against child abuse. (RJC)

Compared the processing of elderly felons (N=1,562) to younger adult felons (N=160,413) to determine if elderly felons get off more easily. Found elderly felons were treated more harshly at the front end of the criminal justice system (through conviction) and more leniently at sentencing, although overall pattern of leniency was due to the…

Describes investigation examining relationship of parental discipline to child distress. Suggests punishment was more effective in delaying future disobedience when toddlers' distress was high than when low or moderate and reasoning and punishment-reasoning combination were most effective at moderate level of toddler distress. Recommends firm…

British mothers (n=362) and fathers (n=103) of randomly selected children from 366 two-parent families were interviewed concerning physically punishing their children. The proportion of mothers and fathers who had used physical punishments were similar. Percentages of types and severity of punishments varied. These findings are discussed in…

Using mail survey data collected from primary and secondary school administrators in Washington State, United States, and in Victoria, Australia, this study compared aspects of the school drug policy, environment in the 2 states. Documented substance-use policies were prevalent in Washington and Victoria but less prevalent in primary schools,…

Providing an effective defense for individuals charged with capital crimes requires a diligent, thorough investigation by a mitigation specialist. However, research suggests that mitigation often plays a small role in the decision for life. Jurors often make sentencing decisions prematurely, basing those decisions on their personal reactions to…

Examining a range of visual images of executions, both legal (the executions of convicted murderers) and extralegal (the lynchings of innocent African Americans), in still photographs and in Hollywood films, the authors suggest that while such images may flatten and neutralize the popular debates and politics surrounding the issues, this is not…

The present study examines the contribution of parental, contextual, and child characteristics to parenting behavior during toddlerhood in 111 two-parent families with a 17-month-old son (M = 16.9 months, SD = 0.57). Parenting was conceptualized in terms of five dimensions: support, structure, positive discipline, psychological control, and…

In sentencing research, significant negative coefficients on age research have been interpreted as evidence that actors in the criminal justice system discriminate against younger people. This interpretation is incomplete. Criminal sentencing laws generally specify punishment in terms of the number of past events in a defendant's criminal history.…