Research on learning and conditioning suggests that verbal response modification does not occur in the absence of the subject's ability to define verbally (1) the response-reinforcement relationships and (2) his intention to change his behavior in the direction of reinforcement. This seems to be true for operant conditioning of verbal behavior,…

A base rate of deviant behavior was obtained for the eight most disruptive children in a third grade adjustment class. In a token reinforcement program, the children received teacher's ratings, which were exchangeable for reinforcers such as candy and trinkets. With the introduction of the token reinforcement program, an abrupt reduction in…

Social deprivation, resulting in biological deprivation, involves a way of life, communicated to successive generations by the family, which shapes communication, language, thought and cognitive styles of problem-solving. Among important motivational and emotional factors associated with deprivation and ineffective learning are lower intelligence…

These proceedings contain four papers and commentaries by scholars on the problems of the socially disadvantaged child in the urban school. The papers discuss (1) cognitive development and psychopathology in the urban environment, (2) an experimental approach to the remediation of the conduct disorders of children, (3) juvenile delinquency in the…

A battery of cognitive, personal, and demographic tests were given to 216 children from Title I (of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act) schools, with and without previous school experience, and to 31 children from non-Title I schools. The effects of prekindergarten experience upon subsequent school experience were evaluated. The Title-I…

Reviewing of long term and short term intervention research undertaken by Skeels and Dye (1939), Dawe (1942), Brazziel and Terrell (1962), Carter (1966), Sigel, Roeper, and Hooper (1966), Weikart (1967), Klaus and Gray (1967), Karnes and others (1966), Bereiter and Engelmann (1966), Blatt and Garfunkel (1965), Nimnicht (1966), and Smilansky (1964…

Educational Testing Service is involved in a measurement approach to research in teaching with a goal of developing procedures for obtaining objective quantitive descriptions of teacher behavior, in terms of a minimum number of dimensions, on the basis of direct observation. The Observation Schedule and Record (OScAR), a card which contains a list…

A child's peers may influence his behavior for better or for worse. By involving a child's peers in his therapy, their influence can be made to be consistently positive. By establishing tailor-made peer-therapy groups, the child psychologist will increase his therapeutic impact. Among the possible formats for involving peers in a child's treatment…

The concept and training procedures of a university-based, student-operated program designed to help other students in the area of academic effectiveness is described in this training manual. The manual offers the guidelines for training peer counselors in the techniques of individual academic counseling, group leadership skills in a co-leadership…

Children with infantile autism display characteristics and behaviors that severely limit their growth and functioning on many levels. Research is reviewed in which principles of operant conditioning are implemented in procedures designed to investigate and/or modify the autistic child's behavior in the following areas: (a) social interaction, (b)…

The chapters of this book present the challenge of learning as seen by differing professionals--teacher and administrator, counselor and psychologist, school board member and lawyer. Together, their outlooks make up the policies that direct our schools and educate our youth. The purpose of this collection is to stimulate discussion in the general…

The Pendleton Project is an interagency/interdisciplinary program providing outclient, day treatment, and residential services to 6- through 12-year-old children who exhibit serious and persistent behavior problems. The objective of the project is to implement a comprehensive intervention program for the child by means of both direct treatment and…

This book deals with the science of behavior and how it can be used humanely for positive and direct change. It was written for a mass audience, including parents, persons with elderly family members, the helping staff in clinical situations, college students, and teachers in training. Part 1 discusses the science of behavior and includes chapters…

The teacher's guide presents some of the basic considerations necessary for classroom implementation of a public school program for autistic and seriously emotionally disturbed (ED) children. Included are descriptive infomration about typical ED student's behavior and management techniques for use in the classroom. Also given are basic ideas…

This paper describes a curriculum that attempts to provide counselor trainees with the necessary abilities to improve their counseling after they leave the learning environment and enter the world of work. These efforts come through training in self-control techniques during a counselor education masters program. A first course exposes trainees to…