This practicum attempted to increase interpersonal skills and academic competence of 14 high school students with emotional handicaps through use of peer tutoring. The 17 high school seniors selected as peer assistors received training prior to program implementation. Peer assistors were required to identify goals and strategies weekly, work with…

Student tardiness at an elementary school was creating problems for classroom teachers, problems associated with interruptions, missing morning announcements, and the difficulty of reinforcing tardiness as unacceptable behavior. A program was developed and implemented to reduce elementary school student tardiness. The target group consisted of…

This focus paper contains reprints of 11 articles intended to provide an overview of the key issues in the area of adolescent behavior change as it relates to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) education. Included are: (1) "Preventing HIV Infection and AIDS in Children and Adolescents" (J.…

This booklet reviews the literature and suggests effective strategies for teaching social skills to children and youth with autism. The first chapter reviews the four common approaches for promoting social development. An individual chapter is then given to each of these: direct skill instruction; antecedent prompting procedures; peer-initiated…

The paper presents a case study of a successful elementary school peer tutoring program for learning disabled and slow learning students (first to fourth grades) having difficulties with math facts. Ten tutors in third to sixth grades were selected as tutors and trained by the resource teacher to use such strategies as praise, correction, and…

While numerous approaches to inhibit smoking have appeared in the literature, self-management is one technique that allows the client to take a more active part in the treatment. To study the effectiveness of self-management in a single-subject design, an 18 year old female college student who smoked mostly on weekends was told to self-monitor her…

A study was conducted to determine (1) if black parents score at the internal or external end of the Locus of Control (LOC) scale; (2) if differences exist between black children's LOC and that of their parents; and (3) if an external-internal shift can be achieved through counseling of the parents, and if their children's LOC changes accordingly.…

The therapist encounters patients who have incorporated toxic introjects. Therapy helps them to provide room for incorporation of a healthy object by externalizing the toxic introject. This technique is illustrated with several cases and comparison is made between the use of this technique in the treatment of adults and children. (Author)

Family therapy with families of delinquent children provokes a number of defensive maneuvers to avoid family involvement in solving their problems. Many families view delinquent behavior as others view psychopathology. The problem is to help the family deal with one another and work together. (Author)

Evaluating the effectiveness of counseling requires the clear specification of expectations for changes in the client, deciding on how these changes are to be observed, choosing and implementing a treatment which will effect these changes, and assessing actual progress toward the goal. Evaluation becomes a part of the counseling process. (Author)

This paper presents an approach to in-service training for teachers, as change agents, which attempts to be relevant to their needs in their environment. (Author)

This research indicates that a peer group can decrease reinforcement of a disruptive behavior and thereby decelerate it in a singled-out child (Pinpointing Effect) or a behavior emitted by any child in class (Diffusion Effect) with equal effectiveness. (Author)

This study focused on normal junior high school students in the natural school environment. Its purpose was to determine if different token delivery systems would differentially affect the disruptive behavior patterns of students in the normal classroom. (Author/RK)

The most common questions asked by the psychologist who is faced for the first time with assessing a visually handicapped child are answered. (Author)

Group leaders frequently encounter a reluctance among members to talk about their problems in the group. Simple well-known exercises can be used to elicit successive approximations of the desired group behavior. The leader then uses reinforcement and other techniques to strengthen, maintain, and generalize the behavior elicited by each exercise.…