This publication introduces and describes new efforts based on the concept of alternatives to drug abuse. The pamphlet is designed for educators, community groups, drug abuse professionals, treatment personnel, parents and young people. According to those who espouse the alternatives approach, motives for drug-taking inevitably include the need to…

This report provides a technical-level analysis, discussion, and summary of five experiments in applied behavior analysis. Experiment 1 examined the token economy as a basis for motivating inmate behavior; Experiment 2 examined the relationship between magnitude of token reinforcement and level of inmate performance; Experiment 3 introduced a…

Behaviorists define the purpose of educational psychology as that of teaching teachers to predict, control, and modify classroom behavior. This conceptualization is contrasted with the approach which views educational psychology as a comprehensive content area emphasizing information rather than skills. A basic distinction between behaviorists and…

This study evaluates the effectiveness of continued remedial problem counseling for those students in a large high school who were disciplined for serious breeches of school conduct and for those showing deteriorating behavior. After being disciplined, the offender was referred to the project counselor for intensive project counseling, lasting for…

The main topic of this paper is how the behavioral approach to counseling fulfills the requirements of an effective helping relationship. The role of the counselor is first considered, should the counselor exert influence over clients? In any interpersonal relationship, people influence and control one another, counseling relationships are no…

Test anxiety was surveyed among Maryland ninth graders in six schools in the spring of 1968. The schools differed in racial composition, social class of student body, and in rural-urban location. Test anxiety does not show differences by social class or racial groups when schools have comparable IQ distributions. The level of test anxiety seems…

Behavior modification as an attack upon the problem of mutism in mongoloid children establishes the basis of the text. Case histories of four children in a state institution present the specific strategy of speech therapy using verbal conditioning. Imitation and attending behavior, verbal chaining, phonetic theory, social reinforcement,…

Earlier research has demonstrated that verbal teaching behaviors can be modified through the Teaching Laboratory (TL), which consists of peer group microteaching experiences. This study investigated whether or not these behaviors would persist into later student teaching. Each of 50 secondary student teachers, who were divided into control and…

This study sought to determine whether student teachers' questioning strategy can be modified to increase their use of higher level cognitive questions and also whether student achievement was higher in classes where the teacher asked more high level questions. Subjects of the study were 20 student teachers assigned to fifth-grade classes in…

Described is an Operant Conditioning-Token Economy Program, teaching patients to be responsible for their own behavior, to make choices, and to be motivated to change. The program was instigated with mentally ill patients in a state hospital and was later used with institutionalized mentally handicapped groups. After two years, only four of the…

The purpose of this study was to "demonstrate the application of behavior modification techniques upon three children with behavior problems in a first grade class for culturally deprived children." A systematic reinforcement program was set up in which the student was reinforced with candy the first time he showed acceptable behavior…

A total of 50 subjects, low in sociometric status and identified as educationally disadvantaged on the basis of high "school anxiety" were drawn from fifth and sixth grade public school children. Control and experimental groups were set up. Elementary counselors worked with the experimental groups using procedures based on the theory of cognitive…

Minicourse 1, an auto-instructional package based on the microteaching-video tape recorder process, instructs the teacher in specific teaching skills and directs him in self-evaluation of his own teaching. Field tests in Minicourse (MC) 1 (questioning skill at the elementary school level) indicated behaviorally significant changes in teachers and…

This monograph is intended not only to enhance the psychological freedom of children and youth, but to free the counselor to be more versatile in his counseling techniques. In Chapter One, the author deals with some of the philosophical controversy which underlies the contrasting approaches of Rogers and Skinner. In Chapter Two, Haigh portrays the…

Classroom management and what teachers can do to make it possible for children to behave better, which permits learning to occur, are the subjects of this handbook. The authors hypothesize that the first step toward better classroom management is a teacher's recognition that how children behave is largely determined by the teacher's behavior. When…