A new approach to behavioral control with individuals having both visual impairments and multiple disabilities stresses the use of positive intervention strategies, bases treatment on functional assessments of challenging responses, and emphasizes broad changes in the lifestyles of individuals. Case examples illustrate applications. (Author/DB)

This article reviews the past research and principles for facilitating moral growth through group discussion and the theories of judgment-action discrepancies. An intervention model is suggested which utilizes actual moral misbehaviors as the basis for both moral discussion and behavioral intervention. (Author/DB)

This study examined effectiveness of posted numerical feedback on disruptive hallway behavior occurring among middle school students. Posting alone was found to have little effect on student behavior, but paired with verbal praise and feedback, posting was associated with more positive effects on student behavior and noise levels. (Author/PB)

An attempt to replicate previous studies showing a positive effect of antecedent exercise on problem behavior found no consistent changes in problem behaviors for six adults with severe mental retardation exposed to either daily jogging or leisure games (attention control). (Author/DB)

A literature review found that (1) innovations must be introduced into the community before physicians adopt them; (2) prerequisites of change include personal commitment, a conceptual base, multiple experiences, and multiple information sources; and (3) interventions to accelerate adoption are more successful if individualized and targeted. (SK)

A cognitive behavior management approach was used with an eight-year-old boy with congenital blindness who exhibited body rocking. Results suggest that body rocking could be significantly reduced by having the subject develop and use a self-monitoring script in conjunction with an alternate behavior to rocking. (JDD)

Individual development planning, intended to improve job performance, involves identifying what needs to be improved; what is the evidence of this; what root skills need development; how behavior changes will be measured; what ideas/principles lead to successful development; and how these elements form a coherent sequence of actions. (SK)

The transtheoretical model of health behavior change describes relationships among several concepts: stages of change, processes, decisional balance, confidence, and temptation. It can be applied to sexual behavior to identify ways of reducing the risk of HIV infection. (SK)

Summarizes the judicial justification for affirmative action. Summarizes the 1973 and 1983 American Association of University Professors' statements and recommendations on affirmative action in higher education. Addresses the state of affirmative action in academe in the 1990s. Argues that, although some progress has been made, more needs to be…

Of 346 physicians participating in continuing medical education, 91% completed postprogram surveys and 49% responded to a 3-month follow-up. Participants' high ratings for quality and effectiveness were attributed to use of adult learning theory in program design. Computer-assisted instruction was thought effective because of individualization and…

Eighty infants, toddlers, and preschoolers were observed before, during, and after separations from their mothers. Results suggested that there were no negative cumulative effects of repeated separations. The children seemed to adapt to repeated separations following the stressful experience with their first separation. (GLR)

Fourteen autistic children (ages 5-13) were administered Org 2766 (a synthetic analog of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone 4-9) or a placebo for 4 weeks. The hormone appeared to decrease stereotypic behavior and increase such behaviors as "change toys,""locomote," and "talk," though Aberrant Behavior Checklist ratings…

Analyses of stereotypy by a woman with severe mental retardation showed that the behavior was maintained by escape from demands. A sequence of high-probability requests issued immediately prior to a task-related request established a momentum of compliance that increased compliance with task-related demands, which was accompanied by collateral…

A survey of 927 registered nurses received 248 responses showing that more highly educated nurses engaged in more professional behaviors such as reading journals and updating skills. Attitudinal commitment to the profession did not differ significantly with educational level. (SK)

A survey of 59 physicians following continuing medical education found that 51 planned changes as a result. Forty-eight completed a follow-up survey in which 42 reported successfully making changes. Barriers were related to skills and strategies needed to manage planned changes. (SK)