Public reactions to the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) crisis are accompanied by the sorts of emotional and cognitive factors that have been identified by researchers as predictors of rumor generation and transmission. The present investigation attempted to ascertain the extent that various subjective factors (including anxiety,…

This paper reviews research on the relative utility of self-efficacy expectancy, outcome expectancy, and outcome value in explaining and predicting therapeutic behavior change. It proposes that these three cognitive mediators are basic factors in psychological and behavioral problems and in psychotherapy process, that they are logically…

This report offers a patient-based approach to lowering blood cholesterol levels which seeks to identify individuals at high risk who will benefit from intensive intervention efforts. The goal is to establish criteria that define the candidates for medical intervention and to provide guidelines on how to detect, set goals for, treat, and monitor…

A previous study examined determinants of attributions for success or failure in stopping smoking in a self-help treatment program with and without a drug component. This follow-up study examined the attributions that successful quitters made after remaining abstinent through 12 months, or after they relapsed. Subjects (N=137) had been assigned to…

This paper offers a broad definition of consultation and examines the role of educators of the gifted as facilitators in the consultation practice. Consultation roles and examples are cited in four areas: organizational consultants, who help individuals within a system learn to work with each other; mental health consultants, who stress altering…

A study, involving four developmentally disabled children who exhibited a variety of disruptive behaviors such as self-injury and tantrums, was conducted to assess the influence of task demands and adult attention on children's behaviors. The three experimental conditions were the "EASY 100" which consisted of an easy task on which children could…

Cognitive-behavior modification (CBM) procedures were taught to special education teachers and elementary school guidance counselors who then administered treatment to 15 hyperactive/attention deficit disorder children. Comparisons were made between experimental and control Ss on a number of psychometric and experimental measures including the…

Paradoxical techniques in counseling consist of directing clients to practice the symptom which is causing them psychological distress. Both impression management theory and reactance theory have been advanced to explain the efficacy of such techniques. To examine the effectiveness of paradoxical techniques according to impression management and…

A Health Belief Model (HBM) based educational intervention intended to increase adolescents' fertility control through abstinence or effective contraceptive usage was implemented and evaluated by pre-intervention interviews with 203 adolescents and post-intervention interviews with 146 adolescents. Participants' sexuality-related knowledge and…

Counseling response preferences of graduate students completing internship requirements were assessed. It was hypothesized that at the end of the internship the students would show a significant increase in preference for active counseling responses. Five counseling responses were evaluated, and change did occur as hypothesized. (Author)

Illustrates how a counselor in his teacher-consultation role was able to model in the classroom the use of encouragement methods to improve the achievement and attending behavior of a seventh grade student. The author describes the specific procedures which were used and provides data to evaluate the result. (Author)

An investigation of the applicability of behavior modification techniques to the operant crying behaviors (OCBs) in a regular kindergarten classroom was conducted. With baseline, reinforcement, and extinction conditions, the OCBs of two 5-year-old subjects were significantly decreased between baseline and reinforcement conditions. (Author/CS)

The authors suggest that how a child learns is as important as what he learns. The school psychologist can help determine the most suitable methods of teaching for those students who are having difficulty learning, and pupil instruction can then be individualized. (HMV)

The present study seeks to determine the importance of one aspect of the therapeutic relationship, therapist warmth, on effecting positive behavior change using systematic desensitization. (Author)