This study examined the effectiveness of momentary Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors DRO (mDRO) and whole interval DRO (wDRO) schedules on high rates of disruptive behavior in children. In both procedures, children earned tokens for the absence of disruptive behavior and exchanged tokens for tangible or edible reinforcers. mDRO and…

Examined peer-reviewed research on the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) and tobacco cessation and prevention. Results found growing evidence for the TTM's validity as applied to tobacco use, though the evidence was inconclusive. Eight different staging mechanisms were identified, raising the question of which are most valid and reliable. Interventions…

Offers a specific method for couples and/or family members to consider the implications of a formative personal early recollection on one's current relationship. The authors have created the process of early recollection reflection as a systematic way of understanding and then changing or rewriting early experience. This can be a powerful way to…

An action learning approach to help managers enhance learning capacity involved a performance management seminar, work by action learning sets, implementation of a new performance management instrument with mentoring by action learning facilitators, and evaluation. Survey responses from 392 participants revealed satisfaction with managerial…

Assessed effect of visuo-motor behavior rehearsal (VMBR) with videotaped modeling on basketball shooting performance. Six players on university women's basketball team were pre- and posttested on continuous free throws, noncontinuous free throws, and outside shots. Following five-day VMBR training program, subjects significantly improved in…

The effects of food satiation on rumination and a collateral self-stimulatory behavior were examined in three profoundly retarded individuals. For all three individuals, the provision of unlimited quantities of cereal and milk during mealtime resulted in reductions in rumination and decreases in the collateral behaviors. (Author/DB)

The article reviews various therapies for hyperactivity including pharmacological and behavioral therapies. The heterogeneous nature of this population suggests that punishment procedures used as part of a behavioral management intervention may be effective in establishing responsible behavior and warrant more research. (Author/DB)

Demonstrated effectiveness of computer-delivered smoking cessation program for worksite. Veterans Administration Medical Center employees (N=58) were assigned to computer group or contest-only group. Computer group showed nonsignificantly higher abstinence rates across follow-up, had marginally lower carbon monoxide levels at 3- and 6- month…

Tests the perceived effectiveness of different messages responding to sexual harassment in the organizational environment. Finds that none of the messages were perceived as being particularly effective at stopping the harasser's offensive conduct. (MM)

This article provides an historical perspective within which two recent, alternative directions for health education are examined. The first focuses primarily on personal bahavior change and the latter on a broad empowerment/environmental model of health promotion. (Author)

Followed 153 smokers who attempted to quit smoking without treatment. Nineteen percent were abstinent at two-year follow-up. Use of multiple strategies was associated with two-year abstinence. Variables associated with short-term cessation were generally unrelated to long-term outcome, although strong motivation to quit was important for both…

Reviews the efficacy of maintenance enhancement procedures to prevent relapse in smoking cessation, weight control, and exercise programs. Presents models of maintenance enhancement, reviews studies that have used relapse prevention strategies, and discusses ways of incorporating relapse prevention techniques into health promotion programs.…

Needle sharing by intravenous drug users has been a means of transmission of acquired immune deficiency syndrome virus. Educational efforts have been directed at reduction of needle sharing, and some cities have supplied free needles. While transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through intravenous drug use remains significant problem, there…

Use of the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH) to treat selected symptoms of autistic disorder was evaluated with 10 children, ages 7 to 11. The double-blind crossover study using a placebo and two MPH doses found modest but statistically significant improvement on hyperactivity in subjects receiving the MPH rather than the placebo. No…

Studies of the Arthritis Self-Management Program conclude that (1) it improves patient behaviors and self-efficacy; (2) formal reinforcement does not improve long-term outcomes; (3) improvement gains have both clinical and cost-saving effects; and (4) changes in health status are more closely linked to self-efficacy than to behavior. (SK)