The first purpose of this editorial is to indicate a parallel trend in two disparate areas of research: information processing and cognitive-behavior modification (CBM). The second purpose is to highlight the role that affect plays in intellectual functioning, noting implications following the assessment of intelligence. (Author/RD)

The paper presents guidelines for training staff to implement positive reductive procedures to decrease undesirable behaviors of their retarded students and clients. Considerations relevant to all reductive procedures are briefly discussed in the first portion of the paper, while guidelines indigenous to positive reductive procedures are discussed…

Ledwidge's recent implication that cognitive behavior modification is "a step in the wrong direction" is examined and evaluated. Misconceptions about the alleged differences between cognitive and behavior therapists are noted, with particular emphasis on metaphysical dualism and dichotomous categorization. (Author/MP)

The article is designed to help parents and teachers understand the causes of common behaviors of gifted children that become "problems" to adults and to suggest some effective strategies for dealing with such behaviors. (SBH)

A survey of 34 New England colleges reveals that college women are more likely to smoke than are college men. (JD)

Increases in legitimate opportunities for women may be accompanied by increases in female criminality. Crucial links between opportunity and delinquency are identified. The equal opportunity hypothesis is expanded into a comprehensive predictive model. (Author)

One reversal and two multiple baseline designs were used to assess the effects of punishment on the disruptive behavior of six adolescent learning disability students. During baseline conditions of praise and ignore contingencies, the frequency of inappropriate preacademic behavior was assessed. With the institution of punishment procedures,…

Discusses the work of S. H. White, W. F. Overton and D. M. Baer. (MS)

Using speech anxiety as the target behavior, this study compared two self-control desensitization procedures. Speech-anxious community residents (N=42) volunteered for participation in the program and were seen within a group context for a total of seven therapy sessions. No differential effectiveness was found between the two desensitization…

Preschool children with low levels of social responsiveness were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: (1) watching videotapes of social interactions accompanied by a first-person sound track which described the activities of the child model, (2) watching the same videotapes accompanied by a third-person sound track, (3) a nature-film control…

It is argued that a behavioral model for treatment of children with behavior problems emphasizes precise, detailed definition of problem areas, and the careful monitoring of behavior before, during and after treatment. (MS)

Shyness is a socially learned reaction against the unstructured, novel, spontaneous, or intimate, and is frequently unknowingly fostered by teachers and parents. (MB)

Suggests 10 ways that meaningful managerial behavior change can be brought about in dimensions such as leadership, initiative, planning and organization, judgment, independence, and delegation. (SH)

Evaluation of high doses of pyridoxine and magnesium in a 10-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial with 10 patients (mean age 6 years) having autism concluded that the high doses used were ineffective in ameliorating autistic behaviors. (DB)

"Operating metaphors" that people unconsciously use to understand life and work experiences may limit behavior and performance. A psychometric instrument under development can reveal a person's underlying metaphors as a first step to changing them. (SK)