The guidance counselor needs to be actively involved in improving the curriculum. There are definite guidelines counselors should follow when helping teachers provide individual help to students in the classroom and school setting. A counselor should help teachers perceive meaning in providing for each student in the curriculum, thus adjusting the…

An overview of values education is outlined. The semantic problems relating to the language of values/character education are identified, and some of the extant philosophical postures and controversies are sketched. Semantic issues relate to the interrelationships among the terms "values,""morals," and "ethics" as…

Presents a meta-model of instructional design (ID) that integrates content covered in instructional technology graduate programs and explores the impact of an instructional designer's perspective on designs. Discusses the theoretical background; instructional strategies; educational philosophies; paradigm shifts; behaviorist, constructivist, and…

Discusses use of the Web for online instruction and presents a design framework for creating online learning environments. Highlights include approaches to instruction, including behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism; learning activities; content; learner support; and application of the framework for a graduate course at the Indira Gandhi…

Outlines a behavioral approach to information retrieval system design based on the derivation of a behavioral model of the information-seeking patterns of academic social scientists. The extent to which identified information-seeking characteristics are supported by existing systems is considered, and requirements for implementing these features…

Discusses social implications of the changes in publishing that have resulted from advances in computer and network technologies. Topics addressed include the shifting publishing model; an information matrix; publishing in print and electronic formats; behavioral factors; multimedia; and future possibilities, including the need for information to…

This report presents case studies of 4 adults with autism who enrolled in a work-training program utilizing a behavioral social interaction approach, and were subsequently competitively employed for 6 to 30 months. Success was associated with such factors as appropriate communication and interpersonal skills, gradual fading of supervision, and…

Presents an interview with Peter Harzem, the Hudson Professor of Psychology at Auburn University (Alabama). Addresses such issues as teaching students about behavior analysis, the differences between classical and operant conditioning, reinforcement and behaviorism, and how one can become a better teacher. (CMK)

Robert Gagne's theories and research have had a significant impact on practitioners in general, especially instructional designers. He has influenced teaching and curriculum development and used standard practices as a stimulus for the development of theory. This paper explores Gagne's influence on practice by examining the relationship between…

The field of instructional technology is characterized by its products, such as instructional media, and its processes, such as instructional design. The process of instructional technology has been shaped by advances in learning and instructional theory over the past 50 years. Much of the development work of the field to date has been on direct…

This paper considers the theoretical positions that ground teacher education programs and asks whether these theories reflect the experiences and voices of all society or merely those of the dominant culture. The paper proposes the incorporation of elements of critical pedagogy as taught by Paulo Freire and reflective thinking according to John…

Analyzed kindergarten report cards from Ohio public schools. Results indicated that there was an emphasis on academic skills and that kindergartners were expected to master skills in work habits and reading and math readiness. A behaviorist perspective was favored. (PCB)

Argues for a diverse response to the issues and objectives concerning assessment. Highlights a wide variety of assessment procedures from foreign schools, each one relevant to the local culture and educational objectives. Discusses the inherent dangers in overemphasizing, as well as underemphasizing, assessment. (MJP)

Small countries should reexamine the question of educational leadership. Although the traditional, rationalist view of leadership served them well while emerging from colonial domination, a nonrational focus stressing cooperation and empowerment may be useful in tough times when reculturing seems so crucial. (23 references) (MLH)

The case is made that advances in chaos and complexity theories and self-organizing systems have important implications for the field of learning disabilities. Problems with behaviorism are discussed and the properties of self-organizing systems are explained. The concepts of continuous, nonlinear development and motivation and volition are…