Background: Response-contingent time-out has been shown to be an effective technique for enhancing fluency in people who stutter. However, the factors that determine individual responsiveness to time-out are not well understood. Aims: The study investigated the effectiveness of using response-contingent time-out to reduce stuttering frequency in…

This document contains guidance for managing the threats of computer viruses, Trojan horses, network worms, etc. and related software along with unauthorized use. It is geared towards managers of end-user groups, managers dealing with multi-user systems, personal computers, and networks. The guidance is general and addresses the vulnerabilities…

Discusses management by objectives in the public sector and its relationship to contingency management. (Available from Public Personnel Management, Room 240, 1313 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637; $15.00 annually, $3.00 single copy.) (IRT)

Examines the effects of the race of a model and the consequences of his behavior on children's imitation. White and Black first, third, and fifth grade boys and girls were exposed to filmed tasks performed by both White and Black peer models. (BD)

Lists potential reinforcers that may be employed with various motivational tactics, and groups them into ten categories with specific examples of each. Most of these reinforcers may be used in manager-evaluated contingencies, with the exception of a few, which are listed because of their value in self-control tactics. (Author/VT)

The study evaluated methods for empirically identifying environmental determinants of aggressive and disruptive behavior in three developmentally delayed children. Sessions were designed to simulate contingencies maintaining aggression and disruption in the subjects' natural environments. Results showed variability between and within subjects. A…

Each instance of out-of-seat behavior of four hyperactive moderately/severely mentally retarded eight and nine year olds resulted in return to seat followed by 15-second physical restraint. Out-of-seat behavior of all four Ss increased during two implementations of the restraint contingency compared to levels during alternative baseline periods.…

Three punishment procedures--contingent applications of water mist, lemon juice, and vinegar--were evaluated as aversive treatment methods for a self-stimulatory behavior exhibited by a severely retarded 11-year-old male. The water mist procedure was as effective as lemon juice or vinegar, presented less physical threat to the client, and was…

Develops a conceptual framework for determining the appropriateness of various methodologies. Concludes that educators should stop switching from one to another and recognize that the best methodology is contingent upon the circumstances. (Falmer Press, Falmer House, Barcombe, Nr Lewes, East Sussex, BN8 5DL, UK) (JOW)

The contingency intervention system based upon an Apple II microcomputer is described and its application to three Down's syndrome infants and one premature infant is discussed. The use of the microcomputer as a behavioral microscope in infant intervention is examined. (Author/CL)

Three experiments investigated the effects of self recording, tokens and contingent free time on learning disabled children's reading comprehension performance. Results of these three experiments supported recent findings that only minimal changes occur on comprehension performance when left as an untargeted dependent behavior. (Author)

The results show that orientation was affected by the contingencies, but productivity was not. An increase in task attention did not result in a corresponding increase in productivity. (Author)

Individual and group management programs have been reported to be effective methods of reducing off-task behaviors; however, few studies have empirically contrasted the two intervention programs. Utilizing a multi-element design, individual and group contingency systems were found to significantly reduce disruptive-unacceptable behaviors in a…

Presented is a list of reinforcers appropriate for use in contingency management systems with secondary-level students with disabilities. The reinforcers are organized into the following categories: edible reinforcers, tangible reinforcers, activity reinforcers, social reinforcers, and group reinforcement. Suggestions are provided for using the…