Reports on the results of three studies that investigated whether three- and four-year olds interpret television images as mere pictorial representations of objects or as real physically present objects. Children's developmental differences are discussed, and a developmental sequence of understanding television reality is presented. (28…

Investigated factors associated with relationship quality of 49 first-time pregnant women and their mothers using data from a two-wave mail survey. Compared correlations of intimacy and perceptions of equity with correlations of intimacy and actual help patterns. Findings indicated that perception of equity is more associated with relationship…

Specific guidelines are offered for implementing figurative language activities into a language intervention program. The guidelines emphasize prerequisite skills, goal sequencing, facilitation of comprehension, and aids to interpretation. A table describes figurative language forms and their use in children of varying developmental ages. (JDD)

This paper outlines cognitive processes underpinning creative ability, considers their development, and discusses the creative potential of the individual at various life stages. Creativity is viewed as an outcome of self-directed transformational activity. The roles of fantasy and imagination are discussed, as is the contrast between public and…

The bibliography lists 875 citations from over 40 professional journals and reports on diverse aspects of higher education for adult students. A brief introduction discusses the developmental stages of adult learners and the challenges of researching this diverse population. (MSE)

Argues that the constructivist theory, which places stress on inquiry learning by the child, has dominated the field of mathematics and science teaching. Focuses on the preschool child and learning based on understanding. Discusses a wide range of research in this area and advocates a Brunerian model for learning. (NL)

Theory and research on children's emotional development are reviewed, and it is suggested that in mainstreaming children with disabilities, everything possible should be done to make the mainstream a hospitable environment for them, beginning with teacher recognition of responsibility for the classroom's socio-emotional climate. (MSE)

Observed 28 toddlers' reactions to an adult's programed play overtures. Coordinated responses and alternative overtures increased with age. Words were increasingly used to regulate activity between toddler and adult. (RJC)

Investigated beliefs on immanent justice of over 2000 children of 4-14 years. Results suggest a modification of the Piagetian hypothesis. They also suggest that the influence of religious instruction should not be ignored. (RJC)

William Perry's model of college students' epistemological orientation, which focuses on students' developmental progress, and Joseph Royce's model, which treats epistemological orientation as preference for one of three ways of knowing, are described and compared. (MSE)

Young children's spelling errors are not haphazard but systematic and follow a developmental sequence as the children master the consistent use of correct spelling. This study examined the development in spelling stage and correctness of 14 inner-city elementary school children. (JD)

Much research has posited a developmental sequence approach in second-language acquisition. This study reexamines the original social-psychological research upon which the multidimensional model is based and shows that it is incorrect because of faulty analysis. It also examines the limited applicability/generalizability of the developmental…

Distinguishes four phases in the development of sight word reading: prealphabetic, partial alphabetic, full alphabetic, and consolidated alphabetic. Suggests that this system represents the regularities that underlie the written forms of English words that all learners must internalize to build a fully functioning sight vocabulary. (RS)

To test opposing theories about the relationship between intonation and syllable timing, these boundary features were compared in a longitudinal study of 9 children's speech development between the mean ages of 16 and 25 months. Results suggest that young children acquire the skills that control intonation earlier than they do skills of final…

This article discusses what play is, why teachers of students with disabilities should be interested in it, how it can be a useful tool in the elementary school classroom, and its beneficial effects in the context of the family. The sequential development of play activities is outlined, and two scales are presented for assessing play development.…