Methadone has been defined as an agent to draw addicts out of the street life into "straight" society. However, the complementary perspective of the streets sees methadone as a new, widely available drug to be integrated into a subculture previously dominated by heroin. This article discusses the adaptation to methadone and its…

A sample of 86 college students aged 18 to 35 years of age were asked to solve three formal operations tasks and to participate in a problem-finding task. No relation was found between performance on problem-finding and the formal operations task. (JMB)

The development of the concept of object permanence was investigated with eight infants with cleft lip/palate and four nonimpaired infants. Superior performance of the cleft lip/palate group was found, possibly due to increased environmental stimulation provided by parents. (DB)

Investigated relationship between perceived parental drug use and college student (N=106) drug use. Psychoactive mushroom users and nonusers completed a questionnaire regarding social and subjective aspects of drug use, including parental drug use. Men's drug use was relatively independent of, while women's drug use was strongly related to,…

Recent research suggests that the communicative profile associated with autism is explained by factors related to the child's language-learning environment as well as inherent factors. A working model of the ontogeny of communicative functions of autistic children is proposed. Clinical implications for language intervention are offered. (Author/CB)

Examined the developmental trend of conflict from the initial recognition that the marriage may dissolve to its legal termination in 107 divorced persons using a retrospective interview. Conflict increased significantly from initial recognition to discussion and decreased significantly once action to secure a legal dissolution was initiated.…

The review of research on language development in young children with Down's syndrome indicates that these children develop language in the same sequence as children without Down's syndrome, but that they experience delays. Educators should initiate language programs as early as possible, enlist parent participation, and select normative language…

In an attempt to make Vygotsky's theories more accessible, Wertsch in "Vygotsky and the Social Formation of Mind" takes significant liberties with the original works. That leads to serious errors and moves the focus away from the author's own psychological theories. (PS)

Provides a detailed account and critique of all of Lawrence Kohlberg's writings dealing with the seventh stage of his moral development theory. Discusses the uniqueness of stage seven as compared to one through six. Concludes that stages one through six culminate in, but are not lessened by, stage seven. (Author/AEM)

The article looks at learning disabilities in adulthood in relation to theoretical models and research related to adult development (rather than as persistence of a childhood disorder into adulthood). Basic assumptions of a life span developmental approach and specific mediating variables influencing adaptation to life events are discussed.…

Gilligan's work on sex differences in moral reasoning, perception of violence, resolution of sexual dilemmas, and abortion decisions poses a major challenge to Kohlberg's theory because of its feminist perspective of moral development. Gilligan suggests Kohlberg's demonstration of males and females attaining different levels of moral development…

Middle school educators can design a learning environment for early adolescents based on Erik Erikson's social development theories, which divide human life into eight psychological stages. The identity versus role confusion stage characterizing adolescence will significantly determine the developing person's future. Schools can help learners…

Studies 6th, 9th, and 12th graders' ideal and typical perceptions of family relationships using the FAST (Family Systems Theory), a spatial technique in which wooden figures are placed on a board to represent cohesion and power in a family. Between 6th and 12th grade, adolescents perceive gradually decreasing cohesion and power differential…

Three degrees of cognitive processing were tapped by four problem types when 60 children between four and eight years were administered a set of geometry tasks differing in complexity. Analysis revealed that the tasks differed in difficulty, task success was related to age, and a hierarchical sequence existed among the skills. (SKC)

Data on intentional communication by 15 normal children (ages 11-14 months at outset) were collected at three stages (prelinguistic, one-word, multiword) over the course of a year. All displayed acts for regulating behavior, engaging in social interaction, and referencing joint attention at each stage but with changing proportions. (Author/VW)