Evolution of the relationship between counseling and spirituality since 1840 is examined in terms of the number of publications that have appeared over time that include these terms. The author retrieved the data using the American Psychological Association's PsycINFO database. A similar search was done adding the term training. The rise of…

This paper presents a longitudinal insight into the experiences of "Adam," a young boy who lives with his single-parent father (a farmer and builder) in a rural working-class community on the outskirts of a provincial town in Tasmania, Australia. Adam's story juxtaposes my representations of him as an eight year old in 1999 and as a 12…

The articles in this special Practitioner's Edition of "Psychology in the Schools" share the application of sound educational and behavioral practices in real school and classroom contexts. Given this emphasis in these articles on the applied use of behavioral practices, the purpose of this brief commentary is to highlight and comment on some of…

This investigation displays the findings of a 5 year longitudinal survey which uncovered a trend in data via a sample of 2600 pre-service education students. Each year 520 pre-service student teachers who were enrolled in a one-year full-time, after degree professional Bachelor of Education program in Ontario, Canada completed the survey.…

It is proposed that, contrary to traditional thinking, interdisciplinary communication can be enhanced, not limited, by specialization. A thorough understanding of common elements within any one discipline provides the bridge between disciplines. Two sets of examples of issues are examined. The first focuses on three disciplines in the social…

Using a modified case-based format, presents critiques of a hypothetical veterinary medicine teaching scenario from four different educational viewpoints: behaviorist, cognitive, social learning, and inspired teaching approaches. Discusses the importance and utility of formal educational theory in faculty development. (EV)

This article explores the conceptual and operational distinctions between effectiveness and expertise. Interviews, observation, and review of related literature suggest: (1) effectiveness and experience are necessary but not sufficient for achieving expertise; (2) expertise is specific to subject matter and context; (3) expertise can be explained…

Although the content model based on behaviorism and the process model based on humanism can both be used in training, a case study of training rural development workers in Thailand shows advantages of the process model. The model is based on similar principles to rural development and on adult learning principles. (SK)

An interview with Robert Epstein on the beliefs and writings of B. F. Skinner focuses on the school of psychological thought concerned with the observable, tangible, objective facets of behavior rather than on subjective phenomena. (JD)

The author replies to responses to her article, "The Newtonian Mechanistic Paradigm, Special Education, and Contours of Alternatives" (EC 220 916). Topics covered include the degree of objectivity versus the idea of objectivity, theory-data separation versus theory-laden data, Piagetian theory and the question of theory versus paradigm,…

The benefits of holistic thinking (as opposed to behaviorist/reductionist views) must be recognized at the curriculum policy and planning levels, not just at the innovative instructional practice level. Efforts in both the commercial and private sectors to create curricular wholeness from the "normal" fragmented, rigid curriculum are…

Replies to Trevor Maddock's philosophical critique of the authors' work. Explains authors' attempts to develop a new science of administration that incorporates values and human subjectivity and a new view of knowledge termed "naturalistic coherentism." Science is still being equated with a positivist version of empiricism. Maddock…

Briefly describes current research on learning and teaching and discusses its implications for the field of educational administration. In the United States, an important transition is now occurring as instructional psychologists increasingly turn away from behaviorist models that dominated educational thinking for three decades to develop new…

Explores implications for understanding educational decision making from a cognitive science perspective. Examines three models of mind providing the methodological framework for decision-making studies. The "absent mind" embodies the behaviorist research tradition. The "functionalist mind" underwrites traditional cognitivism…

Addresses limitations of a behavioral approach to communication. Explores the use of transformative learning theory in teaching communication. Outlines a learning map for nursing students: experiencing a disorienting dilemma, critically assessing internalized role assumptions, recognizing the social construction of practice, and exploring and…