This paper is intended primarily for elementary school teachers. It summarizes what is known about classroom anxiety and how teachers can reduce this anxiety and its detrimental effects. This is a nontechnical literature review designed to give advice to practitioners. The paper describes kinds of anxiety and outlines three different methods of…

Nine studies are summarized which investigated the relation between attributes of performance as perceived by the subject and corresponding objective measurements. The attributes studied were: (1) intellectual activity perceived to be involved when dealing with a task (Studies 1 and 2), and (2) perceived difficulty (Studies 4 to 9). Study 3…

This psychoanalytic descriptive case study of a 2-year-old girl investigates the emergence of self-object differentiation, particularly in relation to the anal, urinary, and genital zones. An early emergence of genital excitation and awareness in this child due to certain early experiences, intensified a search for "the missing phallus." In the…

This paper reports two experiments whose purpose was to relate two bodies of research on anxiety: test and trait-state anxiety. It was reasoned that state anxiety measures obtained in an evaluation testing condition should be more similar to test anxiety than state anxiety measures obtained in non-evaluative situations, such as a game in Study I…

A course that capitalizes on individual and group experiences and encourages students to expand their powers of observation and discernment is presented in the course, students analyzing their thoughts and translate them into written responses. The performance objectives are: A. Given opportunities to experience sensory and emotional stimuli,…

This paper describes recent research on causal attribution (ways people construe the events in their lives) and how knowledge of this psychological phenomena can be used to aid students in developing attributional processes that will enhance motivational factors and have positive effects on academic achievement. Four specific suggestions are made…

This research tests the hypothesis that trust is a prerequisite for the exchange of information about needs and priorities in negotiation. Bargainers who do not trust one another will fail to exchange information because they fear exploitation. Aspiration level and trust were manipulated in a simulated bargaining task. Bargainers induced to trust…

Investigates the effect of school violence on classroom teachers. The study of 253 Los Angeles inner city classroom teachers reveals that many of them have developed conditions similar to the combat neurosis found in soldiers at war. (HM)

For the child, divorce may represent a sense of loss, a sense of failure in interpersonal relationships, and a prelude to a difficult transition to new life patterns. Psychological effects cannot be viewed in a unitary way. Circumstances around the divorce, age, sex, and personality must all be considered. (Author)

Examines gender differences in body image and its relationship to depression-proneness and self-esteem. Findings indicate a preoccupation with body weight and appearance for both men and women, and a relationship between body satisfaction and depression-proneness. (FMW)

Although preservice teachers may be prepared for the uncertainty of teaching by what is implicit in the curriculum, that uncertainty is rarely explicated in journals. This article introduces the issue for discussion and explores what it would mean for teacher education programs to confront uncertainty head on. (JL)

A proportion of abusive families are resistive to treatment and reabuse their children (various studies cite rates of 16 to 60 per cent). Factors associated with poor treatment outcome include persistent denial of abuse, lack of empathy, use of severe types of abuse, and previous violent acts. (Author/JDD)

Examines 95 parents' reports of relations between infant termperament and parental psychological conditions, as well as familiy characteristics of socioeconomic status, birth order, and infant gender. (HOD)

Assessed through two studies the organization and basis for preschool children's (n=240) and adults' (n=60) categorization of emotions. In one, children and adults chose facial expressions that exemplify emotion categories such as fear, anger, and happiness. In another they grouped emotions differing in arousal level or pleasure-displeasure…

The author examines the present educational provision for unemployed adults, in the light of its relevance to their needs, and draws attention to the Open University's (Great Britain) work in this field. The author also discusses the effects of unemployment and assumptions about unemployment. (CT)