Metacognitive approach responses of preschoolers about sex differences in emotionality were examined to determine if they could be modified by contextual cues. Fear was clearly perceived as a feminine emotion by preschoolers. Sadness was not seen as gender-specific. Females utilized imagery as a mediator of their gender attribution. Results…

Research examining the effects of sports participation on children and youth is reviewed from the perspective of psychological and physical development. Statistical information regarding the participation rate in different kinds of youth sports is given. The effects of prolonged athletic activity on bone, muscle, and adipose tissue growth is…

The manner in which social support mediates the relationship between stressful life events and psychological distress was examined. A random sample of 320 adult community residents completed and returned a questionnaire assessing levels of life stress, social support, and psychological adjustment. As hypothesized, a social support-life stress…

The effects of two types of group intervention, Gestalt and sensitivity training, on time orientation or time competence and psychological effectiveness were investigated with 45 college students as subjects. Results indicate that students participating in the groups did not show significant gains in psychological effectiveness as measured by the…

The differential results obtained when the perceived exertion levels of 19 high-fit and 17 low-fit women were assessed according to Borg's Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale and magnitude estimation suggests that the RPE scaling procedures may be tapping a very select component of the perceptual process. These results do indicate that the scaling…

This report focuses on the self-perception and academic achievement of fifth grade black girls as compared to black boys and white girls. Comparisons are made along different dimensions of self-esteem (general, school, peer, and home), and on self-concept of ability, achievement orientation, general anxiety, locus of control, importance of social…

This article discusses the psychodynamics of Negro-white relations and the transitional stress which individuals experience in reaction to school desegregation. Described in particular are the negative implications of segregation and racial prejudices, both for those who discriminate and those who are discriminated against. It is noted that…

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effects of brief treadmill exercise and meditation with a placebo-control treatment for reduction in several physiological and psychological measures of stress, anxiety, and tension before and after a written final examination in 48 high-test anxiety subjects. The subjects, 24 men and 24 women,…

This study examines the experiences of adolescents when they seek help with their problems and anxieties from within their natural support systems. The following questions were posed: (1) How do adolescents perceive their parents' and peers' responses when they seek help? (2) Do the response behaviors of the helpers affect adolescents' willingness…

A hierarchy for learning to solve different types of addition with fractions problems was hypothesized on the basis of both content analysis and psychological considerations. Problem types were defined according to the relationship of the two denominators to each other (e.g., equal, prime, etc.) Students in grades 4 through 8 were each given 45…

The main problem of this study was to examine the set characteristics of children at various age levels. Subjects were observed according to their ease of excitability and extinction in the haptic and visual modalities. Set patterns were examined at different age levels to determine if there was any trend from one age to another. The findings…

A 2x2x2 factorial design was utilized to investigate the effects of race of expressor (black and white), race of perceiver, and sex of perceiver on perception of emotion (POE) in children. Perception of four emotions (anger, happiness, surprise, and pain) was analyzed in terms of three scores as DV's: (1) overall accuracy scores, (2) correct…

This paper examines the relationship between educational theorist Edward L. Thorndike's psychology and his social viewpoint. Many of the revisionists in educational history have oversimplified Thorndike's thought by not examining his views from this perspective. Thorndike's educational ideas and practices are reflections of certain fundamental…

This article deals with the author's interpretation of the Freudian concept of penis envy. Penis envy is viewed as a psychological phenomenon rather than a biological phenomenon characterized as the "bedrock of feminity." Based on his experiences as a psychoanalyst, the author states that penis envy involves the child's early…

Students of human development increasingly recognize that chronological age is not necessarily the best and certainly not the only measure of an individual's "age." The present study is an examination of the attitudinal correlates of subjective age identification among the younger adults in a nationally representative sample of the United States…