Rotter's (1966) "control of reinforcement" construct is a dimension of belief or expectancy about the locus of reinforcing consequences for behavior. A generalized disposition is represented which ascribes reinforcement contingencies to either "external" (and, hence, uncontrollable) factors or to "internal" sources in which case the individual…

Data were collected on rate-per-minute of administering token reinforcement for one male and seven female teachers enrolled in a behavior modification seminar. The study was conducted in four self-contained and four open classrooms. In the observer-present condition, data were obtained during 15-minute classroom observation periods. In the…

To study the effect of motivating statements on the achievement of young children, a group of 52 first grade boys and girls was randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was assigned a verbal task and given positive motivation on their ability to accomplish the task. The control group was merely given the assignment. Results of the…

The article describes a program which decreased waste of food by giving elementary school children tokens good for special activities if they finished their lunches. (CD)

Children in typical classrooms who were offered material incentives learned significantly more spelling words than did children not offered material rewards. The substantial effects of the material incentives continued throughout the 4-week period. (BJG)

Describes how behavior management and a classroom guidance program were combined and implemented to help a fourth grade teacher gain control of her students in an inner-city school. (Author)

Nine mentally handicapped adults were studied in order to assess the differential susceptibility of mentally handicapped individuals to sensory and social reinforcers. (Author/BD)

A critique of the behavior modification technique of overcorrection, used primarily with mentally handicapped individuals to reduce undesirable forms of behavior, is presented. (BD)

Three experiments investigated the effects of a treatment package on the self-injurious behavior of three profoundly retarded persons (ages 8-27 years) who appeared to enjoy the physical restraints used to prevent their self-injury. (Author)

The primary hypothesis examined was that people giving positive evaluations are themselves regarded as more attractive than when they give negative evaluations. Tests whether this holds when reciprocity is not at issue, the situation is realistic rather than role playing, and when there is no possibility of future interaction. (Editor/RK)

Teachers should respond to children's writing in positive, encouraging ways. (DD)

Investigation by researchers into television viewing indicates that cognitive learning is supported, that affective learning is affected both positively and negatively, and that social impact is yet to be conclusively determined. (Author/MJB)

Impulsive and reflective children performed in a discrimination learning task which included four reinforcement conditions: verbal-reward, verbal-punishment, material-reward, and material-punishment. (SB)